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Endnotes

1. Democracy Does Cause Growth,” Acemoglu D, Naidu S, Restrepo P, Robinson J. NBER Working Paper 20003, March 2014.   Go to ⤴︎
2.  “Moral Values and Voting,” Enke B. NBER Working Paper 24268, October 2019. Go to ⤴︎
3.  “Overconfidence in Political Behavior,” Ortoleva P, Snowberg E. NBER Working Paper 19250, July 2013. Go to ⤴︎
4. "Cross-Country Trends in Affective Polarization,” Boxell L, Gentzkow M, Shapiro J. NBER Working Paper 26669, November 2021. Go to ⤴︎
5. Partisan Fertility and Presidential Elections,” Dahl G, Lu R, Mullins W. NBER Working Paper 29058, December 2021. Go to ⤴︎
6. Politics at Work,” Colonnelli E, Pinho Neto V, Teso E. NBER Working Paper 30182, June 2022. Go to ⤴︎
7. Globalization, Government Popularity, and the Great Skill Divide,” Aksoy Cevat, Guriev S, Treisman D. NBER Working Paper 25062, September 2018.   Go to ⤴︎
8.  “Globalization and Its (Dis-)Content: Trade Shocks and Voting Behavior,” Dippel C, Gold R, Heblich S. NBER Working Paper 21812, December 2015. Go to ⤴︎
9. Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure,” Autor D, Dorn D, Hanson G, Majlesi K. NBER Working Paper 22637, December 2017. Go to ⤴︎
10. Skill of the Immigrants and Vote of the Natives: Immigration and Nationalism in European Elections 2007–2016,” Moriconi S, Peri G, Turati R. NBER Working Paper 25077, September 2018. Go to ⤴︎
11. Immigration and Preferences for Redistributioon in Europe,” Alesina A, Murard E, Rapoport H. NBER Working Paper 25562, February 2019. Go to ⤴︎
12. Immigration and Redistribution,” Alesina A, Miano A, Stantcheva S. NBER Working Paper 24733, March 2022. Go to ⤴︎
13. "Race and Redistribution in the United States: An Experimental Analysis,” Akesson J, Hahn R, Metcalfe R, Rasolly I. NBER Working Paper 30426, September 2022. Go to ⤴︎
15.  “Insiders and Outsiders: Local Ethnic Politics and Public Goods Provision,” Munshi K, Rosenzweig M. NBER Working Paper 21720, November 2015. Go to ⤴︎
16. Minority Representation in Local Government,” Beach B, Jones D, Twinam T, Walsh R. NBER Working Paper 25192, September 2019. Go to ⤴︎
17. Minority Underrepresentation in U.S. Cities,” Ricca F, Trebbi F. NBER Working Paper 29738, February 2022. Go to ⤴︎
18.  “Strict ID Laws Don’t Stop Voters: Evidence from a U.S. Nationwide Panel, 2008–2018,” Cantoni E, Pons V. NBER Working Paper 25522, May 2021. Go to ⤴︎
19. Local Economic and Political Effects of Trade Deals: Evidence from NAFTA,” Choi J, Kuziemko I, Washington E, Wright G. NBER Working Paper 29525, November 2021. Go to ⤴︎
20. Biases in Information Selection and Processing: Survey Evidence from the Pandemic,” Faia E, Fuster A, Pezone V, Zafar B. NBER Working Paper 28484, February 2021. Go to ⤴︎
21.  “Bias in Cable News: Persuasion and Polarization,” Martin G, Yurukoglu A. NBER Working Paper 20798, June 2016. Go to ⤴︎
22.  “Electoral Competition with Fake News,” Grossman G, Helpman E. NBER Working Paper 26409, October 2019. Go to ⤴︎
23.  “A Model of Online Misinformation,” Acemoglu D, Ozdaglar A, Siderius J. NBER Working Paper 28884, January 2022. Go to ⤴︎
24. "Learning from Shared News: When Abundant Information Leads to Belief Polarization,” Bowen R, Dmitriev D, Galperti S. NBER Working Paper 28465, March 2022. Go to ⤴︎
26. Is the Internet Causing Political Polarization? Evidence from Demographics,” Boxell L, Gentzkow M, Shapiro J. NBER Working Paper 23258, March 2017. Go to ⤴︎
27. The Effect of Social Media on Elections: Evidence from the United States,” Fujiwara T, Muller K, Schwarz C. NBER Working Paper 28849, May 2021. Go to ⤴︎
28.  “Bureaucracy and Development,” Besley T, Burgess R, Khan A, Xu G. NBER Working Paper 29163, August 2021. Go to ⤴︎
29. "State Capacity and Economic Development: A Network Approach,” Acemoglu D, Garcia-Jimeno C, Robinson J. NBER Working Paper 19813, January 2014. Go to ⤴︎
30. The Historical State, Local Collective Action, and Economic Development in Vietnam,” Dell M, Lane N, Querubin P. NBER Working Paper 23208, March 2017. Go to ⤴︎
31.  “How Merchant Towns Shaped Parliaments: From the Norman Conquest of England to the Great Reform Act,” Angelucci C, Meraglia S, Voigtländer N. NBER Working Paper 23606, July 2017. Go to ⤴︎
32. Political Power, Elite Control, and Long-Run Development: Evidence from Brazil,” Ferraz C, Finan F, Martinez-Bravo M. NBER Working Paper 27456, June 2020. Go to ⤴︎
33. The Dictator’s Inner Circle,” Francois P, Rainer I, Trebbi F. NBER Working Paper 20216, June 2014. Go to ⤴︎
35. The Perils of High-Powered Incentives: Evidence from Colombia’s False Positives,” Acemoglu D, Fergusson L, Robinson J, Romero D, Vargas J. NBER Working Paper 22617, March 2018. Go to ⤴︎
36. Government Decentralization under Changing State Capacity: Experimental Evidence from Paraguay,” Dal Bó E, Finan F, Li N, Schechter L. NBER Working Paper 24879, July 2019. Go to ⤴︎
37.  “The Allocation of Authority in Organizations: A Field Experiment with Bureaucrats,” Bandiera O, Best M, Khan A, Prat A. NBER Working Paper 26733, August 2021. Return to Text Go to ⤴︎
38.  “The Mortality Cost of Political Connections,” Fisman R, Wang Y. NBER Working Paper 21266, August 2015. Go to ⤴︎
39.  “Isolated Capital Cities, Accountability and Corruption: Evidence from US States,” Campante F, Do Q. NBER Working Paper 19027, May 2013. Go to ⤴︎
40. Combating Political Corruption with Policy Bundles,” Finan F, Mazzocco M. NBER Working Paper 28683, April 2021. Go to ⤴︎
41.  “Priors Rule: When Do Malfeasance Revelations Help or Hurt Incumbent Parties?” Arias E, Larreguy H, Marshall J, Querubin P. NBER Working Paper 24888, August 2018. Go to ⤴︎
42. The Real State: Inside the Congo’s Traffic Police Agency,” Sanchez de la Sierra R, Titeca K, Xie H, Nkuku A, Lameke A. NBER Working Paper 30258, July 2022. Go to ⤴︎
43. Market Structure and Extortion: Evidence from 50,000 Extortion Payments,” Brown Z, Montero E, Schmidt-Padilla C, Sviatschi M. NBER Working Paper 28299, February 2023. Go to ⤴︎
44. The Political Economy of Anti-Bribery Enforcement,” Cohen L, Li B. NBER Working Paper 29624, December 2021. Go to ⤴︎
45. Social Proximity and Bureaucrat Performance: Evidence from India,” Xu G, Bertrand M, Burgess R. NBER Working Paper 25389, October 2018. Go to ⤴︎
46.  “From Lapdogs to Watchdogs: Random Auditor Assignment and Municipal Fiscal Performance,” Vannutelli S. NBER Working Paper 30644, November 2022. Go to ⤴︎
47. Population and Civil War,” Acemoglu D, Fergusson L, Johnson S. NBER Working Paper 23322, April 2017. Go to ⤴︎
48.  “Diversity and Conflict,” Arbatli C, Ashrar Q, Galor O, Klemp M. NBER Working Paper 21079, September 2019. Go to ⤴︎
49. "The Economic Origins of Conflict in Africa,” McGuirk E, Burke M. NBER Working Paper 23056, April 2020. Go to ⤴︎
51. Rebel Governance and Development: The Persistent Effects of Distrust in El Salvador,” Bandiera A, Dinarte Diaz L, Jimenez J, Rozo S, Sviatschi M. NBER Working Paper 30488, January 2023. Go to ⤴︎
52. What Explains the Flow of Foreign Fighters to ISIS?” Benmelech E, Klor E. NBER Working Paper 22190, April 2016. Go to ⤴︎
53. Insurgent Learning,” Trebbi F, Weese E, Wright A, Shaver A. NBER Working Paper 23475, June 2017. Go to ⤴︎
54. Measuring the Tolerance of the State: Theory and Application to Protest,” Andirin V, Neggers Y, Shadmehr M, Shapiro J. NBER Working Paper 30167, June 2022. Go to ⤴︎
55. Climate and Conflict,” Burke M, Hsiang S, Miguel E. NBER Working Paper 20598, October 2014. Go to ⤴︎
56. Winter Is Coming: The Long-Run Effects of Climate Change on Conflict, 1400–1900,” Iyigun M, Nunn N, Qian N. NBER Working Paper 23033, January 2017. Go to ⤴︎
57. Web of Power: How Elite Networks Shaped War and Politics in China,” Bai Y, Jia R, Yang J. NBER Working Paper 28667, August 2022. Go to ⤴︎
58. The Second World War, Inequality and the Social Contract in Britain,” Heldring L, Robinson J, Whitfill P. NBER Working Paper 29677, February 2022. Go to ⤴︎
59.  “Nation-Building, Nationalism and Wars,” Alesina A, Reich B, Riboni A. NBER Working Paper 23435, May 2017. Go to ⤴︎
60. Can War Foster Cooperation?” Bauer M, Blattman C, Chytilova J, Henrich J, Miguel E, Mitts T. NBER Working Paper 22312, June 2016. Go to ⤴︎
61.  “Concessions, Violence, and Indirect Rule: Evidence from the Congo Free State,” Lowes S, Montero E. NBER Working Paper 27893, October 2020. Go to ⤴︎
62.  “The Paradox of Civilization: Pre-Institutional Sources of Security and Prosperity,” Dal Bó E, Hernandez P, Mazzuca S. NBER Working Paper 21829, December 2015. Go to ⤴︎
63.  “The Political Economy of Growth: A Critical Survey of the Recent Literature,” Alesina A, Perotti R. The World Bank Economic Review 8(3), September 1994, pp. 351–371. Go to ⤴︎

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