Monopoly of Taxation Without a Monopoly of Violence: The Weak State’s Trade-Offs From Taxation
This study presents a new economic perspective on state-building based on a case study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s hinterland. We explore the implications for the state of considering rebels as stationary bandits. When the state, through a military operation, made it impossible for rebels to levy taxes, it inadvertently encouraged them to plunder the assets of the very citizens they previously preferred to tax. When it negotiated with rebels instead, this effect was absent, but negotiating compromised the state’s legitimacy and prompted the emergence of new rebels. The findings suggest that attempting to increase taxation by a weak state in the hinterland could come at the expense of safety in the medium term and of the integrity of the state in the long term.
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Copy CitationSoeren J. Henn, Christian Mastaki Mugaruka, Miguel Ortiz, Raúl Sánchez de la Sierra, and David Qihang Wu, "Monopoly of Taxation Without a Monopoly of Violence: The Weak State’s Trade-Offs From Taxation," NBER Working Paper 28631 (2021), https://doi.org/10.3386/w28631.Download Citation
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Published Versions
Soeren J Henn & Christian Mastaki Mugaruka & Miguel Ortiz & Raúl Sánchez de la Sierra & David Qihang Wu, 2025. "Monopoly of Taxation Without a Monopoly of Violence: The Weak State’s Trade-Offs From Taxation," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 92(2), pages 1126-1156. citation courtesy of 
Soeren J Henn & Christian Mastaki Mugaruka & Miguel Ortiz & Raúl Sánchez de la Sierra & David Qihang Wu, 2025. "Monopoly of Taxation Without a Monopoly of Violence: The Weak State’s Trade-Offs From Taxation," Review of Economic Studies, vol 92(2), pages 1126-1156.
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