The Effect of Hospital Breastfeeding Policies on Infant Health
Working Paper 34032
DOI 10.3386/w34032
Issue Date
We study the effects of state hospital regulations intended to increase breastfeeding by requiring certain care standards during the postpartum hospital stay. Policy adoption increased breastfeeding initiation by 3.3–4.1 percentage points (4.2–5.2 percent) and breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum by 6–9 percent. Further, following adoption, infant mortality declined by 0.2 deaths per 1,000 live births (3.5 percent), and infant hospitalization charges fell. Declines in mortality and charges primarily occurred among medically vulnerable infants, consistent with evidence that breast milk supports immune development. Additional evidence suggests that improvements in infant sleep practices also played a role in reducing mortality.
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Copy CitationEmily C. Lawler and Meghan M. Skira, "The Effect of Hospital Breastfeeding Policies on Infant Health," NBER Working Paper 34032 (2025), https://doi.org/10.3386/w34032.Download Citation
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Non-Technical Summaries
- The World Health Organization and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that infants be exclusively breastfed for the first...