Schumpeterian Competition and Diseconomies of Scope: Illustrations from the Histories of Microsoft and IBM

Timothy F. Bresnahan, Shane Greenstein, and Rebecca M. Henderson, The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity Revisited (University of Chicago Press, 2011), chap. 4, https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/rate-and-direction-inventive-activity-revisited/schumpeterian-competition-and-diseconomies-scope-illustrations-histories-microsoft-and-ibm.