Ten Years of Relational Power: The Long-Run Effects of Teaching Negotiation Skills to Adolescent Girls

We are grateful for funding for both the initial study and the long-term tracking by the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (JPAL), the Global Development Incubator (GDI), the International Growth Centre (IGC), and USAID-Development Innovation Ventures (DIV). We thank Chenrui Wang, Alexia Delfino, Amanda Dahlstrand, and Eliza Glaeser for excellent research assistance. Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) Zambia has implemented data collection since the study’s inception. IRB approvals for the initial study and long-run tracking were obtained from local Zambian IRBs (ERES, UNZABREC), as well as relevant PIs’ home institutions. The original experiment analyzed in this paper is registered in the AEA RCT registry under ID AEARCTR-0000074. Appendix C shows the full list of questions included in the follow-up survey. Although not pre-registered, the analyses conducted in this paper include a large share of outcomes measured in the 10-year follow-up survey. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

• October 8, 2025