Unpriced Risks: Rethinking Cross-Sectional Asset Pricing

Characteristic-based factors embed large unpriced components that depress Sharpe ratios and deviate from the mean-variance efficient (MVE) frontier. We discuss how to decompose tradable factor returns into priced (MVE) and unpriced components, showing that hedging unpriced variation realigns factors with efficiency. We outline theoretical conditions for characteristic portfolios to span the MVE and describe practical hedge-portfolio construction. In some asset classes—currencies and sovereign bonds—real-time estimation of the MVE is feasible. In the case of equities, one can hedge unpriced risks from characteristic-based factors. Empirically, unpriced risks account for 30–99% of factor return variance, and hedging can more than double Sharpe ratios.