Who You Gonna Call? Gender Inequality in External Demands for Parental Involvement

We thank Owen Benner, Katelyn Cranney, Alyse Erekson, Mason Fields, Katherine Jolley, Boston Kelley, Paris Rich, and Kiersten Robertson for their excellent research assistance. We are grateful to Amanda Agan, Nageeb Ali, Joshua Angrist, David Autor, Peter Bergman, Fran Blau, Kasey Buckles, Amanda Chuan, Zoe Cullen, Amy Finkelstein, Ingrid Haegele, Henning Hermes, Christopher Karpowitz, Lars Lefgren, Louis-Pierre Lepage, Fabian Mierisch, Stephen O’Connell, Emily Oster, Daniele Paserman, Amanda Pallais, Jessica Preece, Heather Royer, Nina Roussille, Frank Schilbach, and Betsey Stevenson for their valuable feedback. Special thanks to Francis Ditraglia for many useful conversations. We express our appreciation to audience members at the NBER, SITE, the IZA Economics of Education Workshop, the ESA Conference, the Discrimination and Disparities Seminar, the GLO Network seminar, Behavioral Experimental Design Initiative, University of California Berkeley, Stockholm University (SOFI), Uppsala University, Gothenburg University, Middlebury College, MIT, Montana State University, UMass Amherst, UMass Boston, Georgia State University, University of Delaware, RPI, Loyola Marymount University, University of California at Santa Barbara, University of Colorado Denver, University of Colorado Boulder, George Mason University, IPPF Congress, Nebraska Labor Summit, Queens CUNY, Smith College, Clark University, University of Maryland, Trinity College Dublin, the OIGI at the Minneapolis Federal Reserve Bank and the ASSA meetings. We thank the Brigham Young University College of Family, Home, and Social Sciences, the Syracuse University Maxwell School, and Tufts University for their generous research support. This work has been supported (in part) by Grant 2204-38170 from the Russell Sage Foundation, and the Institute for Human Studies IHS017750. Any opinions expressed are those of the principal investigators alone and should not be construed as representing the opinions of the funders. This study was pre-registered at the AEA registry (AEARCTR-0007610) and was approved by the relevant IRBs. A previous version of this paper was circulated under the title “Who Ya Gonna Call? Gender Inequality in External Demands for Parental Involvement.” The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

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