When Resources Meet Relationships: The Returns to Personalized Supports for Low-Income Students

The conclusions of this research do not necessarily reflect the opinion or official position of the Texas Education Research Center, the Texas Education Agency, the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, the Texas Workforce Commission, or the State of Texas. Any opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the U.S. Census Bureau. The Census Bureau has ensured appropriate access and use of confidential data and has reviewed these results for disclosure avoidance protection (Project 751987: CBDRB-FY23-CES014-028). We thank David Card, Raj Chetty, Sahil Chinoy, Heather Clawson, Kaveh Danesh, John Friedman, Claudia Goldin, Nathan Hendren, Joshua Hyman, Tom Kane, Larry Katz, Pat Kline, Martin Koenen, Kevin Leary, Matthew Notowidigdo, Amanda Pallais, Lynne Sacks, Doug Staiger, and Rob Watson for helpful feedback. Additionally, we extend our thanks to seminar participants at Aalto University, UC Berkeley, University of Connecticut, Cornell, Georgetown, IIES, Harvard, and Oxford. This research was funded by Opportunity Insights, The EdRedesign Lab at Harvard Graduate School of Education, the Stone Program at Harvard Kennedy School, the National Science Foundation (Graduate Research Fellowship, grant DGE-2140743), and Cornell University. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

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