Thanks to Claude Sonnet 3.7 for helpful research assistance and to Luis Garicano and participants at the NBER Economics of Transformative AI Conference (Stanford, 2025) for useful comments. Responsibility for all errors remains our own. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Ajay K. Agrawal
Ajay Agrawal has drawn on the findings of his research for both compensated speaking engagements and consulting engagements. He has written the books Prediction Machines and Power & Prediction on the economics of AI for which he receives royalties. He has equity shares in a number of technology companies as part of a diverse portfolio. His disclosure statement: https://agrawal.ca/disclosure.
Avi Goldfarb
I have received grants supporting my research from multiple sources including the Sloan Foundation (ongoing), the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (ongoing), the Acceleration Consortium (ongoing), the National Science Foundation (most recently 2018), Google (most recently 2009), WPP (most recently 2009), the Net Institute (most recently 2007), Bell Canada (most recently 2006), Plurimus Corporation (most recently 2001), and the Social Science Research Council (most recently 2000). I run a consulting company, Goldfarb Analytics Corporation, that advises organizations on digital and A.I. strategy, including work on legal cases involving large technology companies. Clients have included Adobe, CIBC, the Competition Bureau of Canada, Cornerstone Research (on matters of competition and privacy in the ad tech space), Epic Games (as an expert witness to the court in Australian cases against Google and Apple), Meta/Facebook, the Federal Trade Commission, Keystone Strategy (on AI strategy and on matters of competition in the ad tech space), Microsoft, and RBC. I have given lectures—sometimes paid—at several organizations including Amazon, Bloomberg, Hearst, Hospital for Sick Children, INTACT, Meta/Facebook, Microsoft, Netflix, Plus Company, ScotiaBank, TD, Teradata, and several private equity and venture capital firms. I serve on the scientific advisory board of EnvisionX Capital, a venture capital firm. I am Chief Data Scientist at the Creative Destruction Lab, a non-profit organization that helps science-based startups to scale. I served on the steering committee of the CDL-Rapid Screening Consortium, a corporate- and government-funded not-for-profit endeavour to build a scalable workplace COVID screening system to facilitate a return to normal. I hold shares in many large technology companies as part of a well-balanced investment portfolio. I also hold investments in several AI-focused startups. Full disclosure at www.avigoldfarb.com/disclosure