We thank Tomoro Harris, Yoon Sang Moon, Daniel Neagu, Sangwook Suh, Fuman Xie, and Yan Bo Zeng for their excellent research assistance. We thank Leemore Dafny, David Chan, Riley League, Tong Liu, Atul Gupta, Jon Kolstad, Maria Polyakova, Brian McGarry, Song Ma, Andrew Olenski, Maya Rossin-Slater, David Slutsky, Natalia Serna, Mark Shepard, and Maggie Shi for useful feedback. We appreciate helpful comments from conference participants at NBER Summer Institute, Utah Winter Economics Conference, Stanford Economics Junior Faculty Seminar, the Wharton Restructuring Conference, the Annual Health Economics Conference, Bates White Life Sciences, the Occasional Berkeley Health Economics Conference, Whistler Junior Health Economics Summit, American Society of Health Economics Conference, UBC Winter Finance Conference, as well as seminar participants at the Harvard Graduate Student Finance Workshop, Harvard- MIT-BU Health Economics Seminar, the University of Kansas, Ohio State University, and UCSD Applied Economics Seminar. Our experimental design and analysis plan were preregistered with the American Economic Association RCT Registry (#10335) on November 2, 2022. This study has been approved by Harvard’s Institutional Review Board (Protocol IRB22-1066), UCLA’s Institutional Review Board (Protocol IRB22-001483), and Stanford’s Institutional Review Board (Protocol 67509 deemed not human research). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Ashvin Gandhi
I have received external research funding exceeding $10,000 during the last three years from Arnold Ventures, Washington Center for Equitable Growth, and PALTC Foundation. I received payments exceeding $10,000 from the NIA IMPACT Collaboration through Brown University for research related to nursing homes. I also received research funding exceeding $10,000 within the last three years from the National Institute on Aging. I also have received internal funding in excess of $10,000 from internal UCLA grants. To my knowledge, these organizations do not have any interests in the findings of this research. Moreover, they do not have any right to review the manuscript. In 2023, the Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services paid me $3,500 to participate as one of multiple academics advising on a proposed grant application for healthcare workforce collaboratives. This grant program was unrelated the paper.
