TY - JOUR AU - Gross, Daniel P TI - Creativity Under Fire: The Effects of Competition on Creative Production JF - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series VL - No. 25057 PY - 2018 Y2 - September 2018 DO - 10.3386/w25057 UR - http://www.nber.org/papers/w25057 L1 - http://www.nber.org/papers/w25057.pdf N1 - Author contact info: Daniel P. Gross Harvard Business School Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163 E-Mail: dgross@hbs.edu AB - Though fundamental to innovation and essential to many industries and occupations, individual creativity has received limited attention as an economic behavior and has historically proven difficult to study. This paper studies the incentive effects of competition on individuals' creative production. Using a sample of commercial logo design competitions, and a novel, content-based measure of originality, I find that intensifying competition induces agents to produce original, untested ideas over tweaking their earlier work, but heavy competition drives them to stop investing altogether. The results yield lessons for the management of creative workers and for the implementation of competitive procurement mechanisms for innovation. ER -