Total Labor Costs and the Employment Adjustment Behavior of Large Japanese Firms

Yoshifumi Nakata and Ryoji Takehiro, Labor Markets and Firm Benefit Policies in Japan and the United States (University of Chicago Press, 2003), chap. 5, https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/labor-markets-and-firm-benefit-policies-japan-and-united-states/total-labor-costs-and-employment-adjustment-behavior-large-japanese-firms.