The Rise and Fall of Urban Political Patronage Machines

Joseph D. Reid, Jr. and Michael M. Kurth, Strategic Factors in Nineteenth Century American Economic History: A Volume to Honor Robert W. Fogel (University of Chicago Press, 1992), chap. 15, https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/strategic-factors-nineteenth-century-american-economic-history-volume-honor-robert-w-fogel/rise-and-fall-urban-political-patronage-machines.