The Social and Medical Context of Child Mortality in the Late Nineteenth Century

Samuel H. Preston and Michael R. Haines, Fatal Years: Child Mortality in Late Nineteenth-Century America (Princeton University Press, 1991), chap. 1, https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/fatal-years-child-mortality-late-nineteenth-century-america/social-and-medical-context-child-mortality-late-nineteenth-century.