License
There is no license agreement required for digital delivery of NBER Working Papers granted by a Working Papers subscription.
Copyright
Authors of NBER Working Papers hold respective copyrights, not the NBER.
Terms of Use
Users may download, view and print Working Papers for their personal use, or to give to their colleagues or students, to place in the subscriber's library collection, or in a university vended or sponsored course pack.
Short extracts, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted provided that clear attribution to the paper is given.
Subscribers may download any or all papers for archival storage, with subsequent use constrained to fair use as noted above during the subscription term and thereafter.
Requests for permissions beyond fair use should be made to the author(s). Please refer to the full listing of NBER affiliates to find authors’ contact information.
Students and employees of a subscriber's network may download NBER Working Papers via a proxy or other devices under the subscriber's control, regardless of the user's actual physical location.
Subscribers have access to applicable Working Papers for the duration of their subscription and may retain copies of papers acquired during the term of their subscription after their subscription lapses.
Downloading Working Papers en masse and reposting them to be made publicly available is not permitted.
Authorization and Limits
Subscribers’ access is authorized by IP address range and/or domain name recognition. Users who may not have access to their subscribing institution’s local network may authorize their email address to access Working Paper downloads regardless of their location.
Subscriber Information and Download Statistics
Subscriber information (institution name, contact, and subscription expiration date) and user download statistics are available at http://www.nber.org/subscriber_info.pl. This page references the IP address of the requesting user and therefore should be accessed from the subscribing institution’s local network.
Archives
Papers are periodically updated and in some very rare cases removed from the NBER working paper series. Any subscriber storing papers for later retrieval should have a mechanism in place for detecting revisions so that readers are provided with current versions.
Cataloging
In past decades, the NBER maintained three working paper series: Historical, Technical, and General. Only the General series remains active today. w0001 is the first paper in the general series.
The General Working Paper series has been assigned the ISSN 0898-2937. The ISSN 1073-2489 refers to the Historical Working Paper series.
A machine-readable version of our bibliographic database (including the text of abstracts) is available in RePEc format at http://www.nber.org/RePEc/nbr/. Documentation for this use is available at http://ideas.repec.org/stepbystep.html.
A RIS format bibliography appropriate for Endnote is available for download:
Bibliographic files in XML format are available for download by Working Paper series:
- General Working Papers http://www.nber.org/wwpinfo/googleXML_w.xml
- Technical Working Papers http://www.nber.org/wwpinfo/googleXML_t.xml
Historical Working Papers http://www.nber.org/wwpinfo/googleXML_h.xml
MARC
Individual MARC records for individual Working Papers are available using the following URL structure:
- Digital Working Papers http://www.nber.org/papers/w01234.marc
- Hardcopy Working Papers http://www.nber.org/papers/w01234.marc?hardcopy=1
MARC records for the entire Working Paper collection are available for download:
- http://www.nber.org/wwpinfo/marc/all_nber_working_papers.marc
- http://www.nber.org/wwpinfo/marc/all_nber_working_papers_hardcopy.marc
MARC records of more recent Working Papers are available to download in monthly batches:
Note that subject headings use JEL (Journal of Economic Literature) classification codes.
Working Paper Metadata
Working Paper metadata is publicly available for use in the Public Use Data archive. Refer to the following public use data archive page for full details:
Library Logos
If a subscribing institution would like their logo to be displayed on their bibliographic page (so that your users are aware that the library is paying for their access) please send subs@nber.org a URL for the logo and it will be added to bibliographic pages served from your institution. A gif file 80 pixels wide by 15-20 pixels high is most appropriate but the browser should accommodate any reasonable size. This logo will be incorporated by reference to the provided URL and will load from your website each time one of your users is shown an abstract page.
Voluntary Product Accessibility Statement
In conjunction with its digital accessibility audit and ongoing efforts, the NBER has prepared a Voluntary Product Accessibility Report.
Contact
Please direct any questions to subs@nber.org.