@techreport{NBERw18054,
 title = "The China Syndrome: Local Labor Market Effects of Import Competition in the United States",
 author = "David H. Autor and David Dorn and Gordon H. Hanson",
 institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research",
 type = "Working Paper",
 series = "Working Paper Series",
 number = "18054",
 year = "2012",
 month = "May",
 URL = "http://www.nber.org/papers/w18054",
 abstract = {We analyze the effect of rising Chinese import competition between 1990 and 2007 on local U.S. labor markets, exploiting cross-market variation in import exposure stemming from initial differences in industry specialization while instrumenting for imports using changes in Chinese imports by industry to other high-income countries. Rising exposure increases unemployment, lowers labor force participation, and reduces wages in local labor markets. Conservatively, it explains one-quarter of the contemporaneous aggregate decline in U.S. manufacturing employment. Transfer benefits payments for unemployment, disability, retirement, and healthcare also rise sharply in exposed labor markets.},
}