We provide a comparison of salient organizational features of primary markets for foreign government debt over the very long run. We focus on output, quality control, information provision, competition, pricing, charging, and signaling. We find that the market setup experienced a radical transformation in the recent period, and we interpret this as resulting from the rise of liability insurance provided by rating agencies. Underwriters have given up their former role as gatekeepers of liquidity and certification agencies to become aggressive competitors in a new Speculative Grade market.
Published: The End of Gatekeeping: Underwriters and the Quality of Sovereign Bond Markets, 1815-2007, Marc Flandreau, Juan H. Flores, Norbert Gaillard, Sebastián Nieto-Parra, in NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics 2009 (2010), University of Chicago Press
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This paper was revised on December 5, 2011
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