TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blank,Rebecca M.
AU  - Shierholz,Heidi
TI  - Exploring Gender Differences in Employment and Wage Trends Among Less-Skilled Workers
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 12494
PY  - 2006
Y2  - August 2006
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w12494
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w12494.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
Rebecca M. Blank
Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
Department of Commerce
Economics and Statistics Administration
Herbert C. Hoover Building, Room 4848
1401 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC  20230
Tel: 202-482-3727
Fax: 202-482-0432
E-Mail: rblank@doc.gov

heidi shierholz
E-Mail: hshierholz@epi.org
AB  - In contrast to less-skilled men, less-skilled women have experienced growing labor force involvement and moderate wage increases.  Compared to more-skilled women, less-skilled women have fallen behind.  We investigated the reasons behind these trends in labor force participation and wages for male and female workers of different skill levels over the past 25 years, from 1979-2004.   We find that less-skilled women have found themselves in an 'intermediate' place in the labor market.  Like less-skilled men, they experienced deteriorating returns to education but, unlike the men, they benefited from a growing positive impact of accumulated experience on labor market outcomes.  More-skilled women experienced both growing returns to education and greater accumulation of experience, leading to faster wage growth.  In addition, at the same time that experience levels have grown, the returns to experience on wages and labor force participation have also risen among less-skilled women, while the returns to experience have declined among less-skilled men.  The negative effect of children and marital status on wages and labor force participation has also declined markedly among women of all skill levels.
ER  -