Cities, Regions and the Decline of Transport Costs

Edward L. Glaeser, Janet E. Kohlhase

NBER Working Paper No. 9886
Issued in August 2003
NBER Program(s):Economic Fluctuations and Growth

The theoretical framework of urban and regional economics is built on transportation costs for manufactured goods. But over the twentieth century, the costs of moving these goods have declined by over 90% in real terms, and there is little reason to doubt that this decline will continue. Moreover, technological change has eliminated the importance of fixed infrastructure transport (rail and water) that played a critical role in creating natural urban centres. In this article, we document this decline and explore several simple implications of a world where it is essentially free to move goods, but expensive to move people. We find empirical support for these implications.

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Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w9886

Published:

• Glaeser, Edward L. and J.E. Kohlhase. 2004. “Cities, Regions and the Decline of Transport Costs." Papers in Regional Science 83(1): 197-228. citation courtesy of
• Edward Glaeser & Janet Kohlhase, 2003. "Cities, regions and the decline of transport costs," Economics of Governance, Springer, vol. 83(1), pages 197-228, October. citation courtesy of

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