TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haughwout,Andrew F.
AU  - Inman,Robert P.
AU  - Craig,Steven
AU  - Luce,Thomas
TI  - Local Revenue Hills: Evidence from Four U.S. Cities
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 9686
PY  - 2003
Y2  - May 2003
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w9686
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w9686.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
Robert P. Inman
Department of Finance
Wharton School
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA  19104-6367
Tel: 215/898-8299
Fax: 215/898-6200
E-Mail: inman@wharton.upenn.edu

Steven G.. Craig
University of Houston
Department of Economics
204 McElhinney Hall
Houston, TX 77204-5019
E-Mail: scraig@uh.edu
AB  - We provide estimates of the impact and long-run elasticities of tax base with respect to tax rates for four large U.S. cities: Houston (property taxation), Minneapolis (property taxation), New York City (property, general sales, and income taxation), and Philadelphia (property, gross receipts, and wage taxation). Results suggest that three of our cities are near the peaks of their revenue hills; Minneapolis is the exception. A significant negative effect of a balanced budget increase in city property tax rates on city property tax base is interpreted as a capitalization effect and suggests that marginal increases in tax-financed city spending do not provide positive net benefits to property owners. Estimates of the effects of taxes on city employment levels for New York City and Philadelphia -- the two cities for which employment series are available -- show the local income and wage tax rates have significant negative effects on city employment levels. Cuts in these tax rates are likely to be an economically cost effective way to increase city jobs.
ER  -