TY - JOUR AU - Zingales,Luigi AU - Rajan,Raghuram G. TI - Banks and Markets: The Changing Character of European Finance JF - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series VL - No. 9595 PY - 2003 Y2 - March 2003 UR - http://www.nber.org/papers/w9595 L1 - http://www.nber.org/papers/w9595.pdf N1 - Author contact info: Luigi Zingales Booth School of Business The University of Chicago 5807 S. Woodlawn Avenue Chicago, IL 60637 Tel: 773/702-3196 Fax: 773/834-2081 E-Mail: luigi.zingales@ChicagoBooth.edu Raghuram Rajan Booth School of Business University of Chicago 5807 South Woodlawn Avenue Chicago, IL 60637 Tel: 773/702-4437 Fax: 773/702-0458 E-Mail: raghuram.rajan@ChicagoBooth.edu AB - In the last two decades the European financial markets have become more market oriented. We analyze the economic and political forces that have triggered these changes as well as their likely welfare implications. We also try to assess whether this trend will continue. Based on our analysis, we conjecture that even if Europe might benefit from a continuation of the trend, in the near future political support for it is likely to become much weaker. Furthermore, without serious reforms, the trend is likely to benefit Southern Europe less than Northern Europe ER -