TY  - JOUR
AU  - Figlio,David N.
AU  - Winicki,Joshua
TI  - Food for Thought: The Effects of School Accountability Plans on School Nutrition
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 9319
PY  - 2002
Y2  - November 2002
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w9319
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w9319.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
David N. Figlio
Institute for Policy Research
Northwestern University
2040 Sheridan Road
Evanston, IL 60208
Tel: 847-467-1503
Fax: 847-491-9916
E-Mail: figlio@northwestern.edu
M2  - featured in NBER digest on 2003-04-01
AB  - School accountability systems based on high-stakes testing of students have become ubiquitous in the United States, and are now federal policy as well. This paper identifies a previously-unresearched method through which schools faced with potential sanctions may 'game the system' in order to have higher aggregate student test scores than might otherwise be warranted. There exists a well-established link between nutrition and short-term cognitive functioning. Hence, we investigate whether school districts exploit this relationship by strategically altering school nutrition menus during testing periods in an apparent attempt to artificially increase student test scores. Using detailed daily school nutrition data from a random sample of Virginia school districts, we find that school districts having schools faced with potential sanctions under Virginia's Standards of Learning (SOL) accountability system apparently respond by substantially increasing calories in their menus on testing days, while those without such immediate pressure do not change their menus. Suggestive evidence indicates that the school districts who do this the most experience the largest increases in pass rates.
ER  -