TY  - JOUR
AU  - Durlauf,Steven N.
TI  - Path Dependence in Aggregate Output
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 3718
PY  - 1991
Y2  - May 1991
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w3718
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w3718.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
Steven N. Durlauf
Department of Economics
University of Wisconsin
1180 Observatory Drive
Madison, WI  53706-1393
Tel: 608/263-3859
Fax: 608/262-2033
E-Mail: sdurlauf@ssc.wisc.edu
AB  - This paper studies an economy in which incomplete markets and strong complementarities interact to generate path dependent aggregate output fluctuations. An economy is said to be path dependent when the effect of a shock on the level of aggregate output is permanent in the absence of future offsetting shocks. Extending the model developed in Durlauf 11991(a),(b)). we analyze the evolution of an economy which consists of a countable infinity of industries. The production functions of individual firms in each industry are nonconvex and are linked through localized technological complementarities. The productivity of each firm at t is determined by the production decisions of technologically similar industries at t-1. No markets exist which allow firms and industries to exploit complementarities by coordinating production decisions. This market incompleteness produces several interesting effects on aggregate output behavior. First, multiple stochastic equilibria exist in aggregate activity. These equilibria are distinguished by differences in both the mean and the variance of output. Second, output movements are path dependent as aggregate productivity shocks indefinitely affect real activity by shifting the economy across equilibria. Third, when aggregate shocks are recurrent, the economy cycles between periods of boom and depression. Simulations of example economies illustrate how market incompleteness can produce rich aggregate dynamics.
ER  -