Reference-Dependence and Labor-Market Fluctuations

Kfir Eliaz, Rani Spiegler

NBER Working Paper No. 19085
Issued in May 2013, Revised in June 2013
NBER Program(s):Economic Fluctuations and Growth, Labor Studies

We incorporate reference-dependent worker behavior into a search-matching model of the labor market, in which firms have all the bargaining power and productivity follows a log-linear AR(1) process. Motivated by Akerlof (1982) and Bewley (1999), we assume that existing workers' output falls stochastically from its normal level when their wage falls below a "reference point", which (following Kőszegi and Rabin (2006)) is equal to their lagged-expected wage. We formulate the model game-theoretically and show that it has a unique subgame perfect equilibrium that exhibits the following properties: existing workers experience downward wage rigidity, as well as destruction of output following negative shocks due to layoffs or loss of morale; newly hired workers earn relatively flexible wages, but not as much as in the benchmark without reference dependence; market tightness is more volatile than under this benchmark. We relate these findings to the debate over the "Shimer puzzle" (Shimer (2005)).

Acknowledgments

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Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w19085

Published: Reference Dependence and Labor Market Fluctuations, Kfir Eliaz, Ran Spiegler. in NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2013, Volume 28, Parker and Woodford. 2014

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