TY - JOUR AU - Moszoro,Marian W. AU - Spiller,Pablo T. TI - Third-Party Opportunism and the Nature of Public Contracts JF - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series VL - No. 18636 PY - 2012 Y2 - December 2012 UR - http://www.nber.org/papers/w18636 L1 - http://www.nber.org/papers/w18636.pdf N1 - Author contact info: Marian W. Moszoro IESE Business School Barcelona, Spain E-Mail: mmoszoro@iese.edu Pablo T. Spiller University of California Walter A. Haas School of Business Faculty Bldg. 593 Berkeley, CA 94720 Tel: 510/642-1502 Fax: 510/642-2826 E-Mail: spiller@haas.berkeley.edu AB - The lack of flexibility in public procurement design and implementation reflects public agents' political risk adaptation to limit hazards from opportunistic third parties – political opponents, competitors, interest groups – while externalizing the associated adaptation costs to the public at large. Reduced flexibility limits the likelihood of opportunistic challenge lowering third parties' expected gains and increasing litigation costs. We provide a comprehensible theoretical framework with empirically testable predictions. ER -