TY - JOUR AU - Chetty,Raj AU - Friedman,John N. AU - Rockoff,Jonah E. TI - The Long-Term Impacts of Teachers: Teacher Value-Added and Student Outcomes in Adulthood JF - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series VL - No. 17699 PY - 2011 Y2 - December 2011 UR - http://www.nber.org/papers/w17699 L1 - http://www.nber.org/papers/w17699.pdf N1 - Author contact info: Raj Chetty Department of Economics Harvard University 1805 Cambridge St. Cambridge, MA 02138 Tel: 617-744-9492 E-Mail: chetty@fas.harvard.edu John N. Friedman Harvard Kennedy School Taubman 356 79 JFK St. Cambridge, MA 02138 Tel: 617/233-6965 Fax: 617/496-1722 E-Mail: john_friedman@harvard.edu Jonah E. Rockoff Columbia University Graduate School of Business 3022 Broadway #603 New York, NY 10027-6903 Tel: 212/854-9799 Fax: 212/316-9219 E-Mail: jonah.rockoff@columbia.edu AB - Are teachers’ impacts on students’ test scores (“value-added”) a good measure of their quality? This question has sparked debate largely because of disagreement about (1) whether value-added (VA) provides unbiased estimates of teachers’ impacts on student achievement and (2) whether high-VA teachers improve students’ long-term outcomes. We address these two issues by analyzing school district data from grades 3-8 for 2.5 million children linked to tax records on parent characteristics and adult outcomes. We find no evidence of bias in VA estimates using previously unobserved parent characteristics and a quasi-experimental research design based on changes in teaching staff. Students assigned to high-VA teachers are more likely to attend college, attend higher- ranked colleges, earn higher salaries, live in higher SES neighborhoods, and save more for retirement. They are also less likely to have children as teenagers. Teachers have large impacts in all grades from 4 to 8. On average, a one standard deviation improvement in teacher VA in a single grade raises earnings by about 1% at age 28. Replacing a teacher whose VA is in the bottom 5% with an average teacher would increase the present value of students’ lifetime income by more than $250,000 for the average class- room in our sample. We conclude that good teachers create substantial economic value and that test score impacts are helpful in identifying such teachers. ER -