TY  - JOUR
AU  - McMillan,Margaret S.
AU  - Rodrik,Dani
TI  - Globalization, Structural Change and Productivity Growth
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 17143
PY  - 2011
Y2  - June 2011
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w17143
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w17143.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
Margaret S. McMillan
Tufts University
Department of Economics
114a Braker Hall
Medford, MA 02155
Tel: 617/627-3137
Fax: 617/627-3197
E-Mail: margaret.mcmillan@tufts.edu

Dani Rodrik
John F. Kennedy School of Government
Harvard University
79 JFK Street
Cambridge, MA 02138
Tel: 617/495-9454
Fax: 617/496-5747
E-Mail: dani_rodrik@harvard.edu
AB  - Large gaps in labor productivity between the traditional and modern parts of the economy are a fundamental reality of developing societies.  In this paper, we document these gaps, and emphasize that labor flows from low-productivity activities to high-productivity activities are a key driver of development. Our results show that since 1990 structural change has been growth reducing in both Africa and Latin America, with the most striking changes taking place in Latin America. The bulk of the difference between these countries’ productivity performance and that of Asia is accounted for by differences in the pattern of structural change – with labor moving from low- to high-productivity sectors in Asia, but in the opposite direction in Latin America and Africa. In our empirical work, we identify three factors that help determine whether (and the extent to which) structural change contributes to overall productivity growth. In countries with a relatively large share of natural resources in exports, structural change has typically been growth reducing. Even though these “enclave” sectors usually operate at very high productivity, they cannot absorb the surplus labor from agriculture. By contrast, competitive or undervalued exchange rates and labor market flexibility have contributed to growth enhancing structural change.
ER  -