TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leibbrandt,Murray
AU  - Levinsohn,James
TI  - Fifteen Years On: Household Incomes in South Africa
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 16661
PY  - 2011
Y2  - January 2011
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w16661
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w16661.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
Murray Leibbrandt
University of Cape Town
E-Mail: Murray.Leibbrandt@uct.ac.za

James A. Levinsohn
Yale School of Management
PO Box 208200
New Haven, CT  06520
Tel: 734/763-2319
Fax: 734/764-2769
E-Mail: James.Levinsohn@yale.edu
M3  - presented at "African Development Successes Conference", July 18-20, 2010
AB  - This paper uses national household survey data to examine changes in real per capita incomes in South Africa between 1993 and 2008; the start and the end of the first fifteen years of post-apartheid South Africa. These data show an increase in average per capita real incomes across the distribution. Over this period growth has been shared, albeit unequally, across almost the entire spectrum of incomes. However, kernel density estimations make clear that these real income changes are not dramatic and inequality has increased. We conduct a series of semi-parametric decompositions in order to understand the role of endowments and changes in the returns to these endowments in driving these observed changes in the income distribution. This analysis highlights the positive role played by changes in endowments such as access to education and social services over the period. If these endowment changes were all that changed in South Africa over the post-apartheid period, we would have seen a pervasive rightward shift of the distribution of per capita real incomes. In the rest of the paper we explore why this did not happen.
ER  -