TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steckel,Richard H.
AU  - Jensen,Richard A.
TI  - Determinants of Slave and Crew Mortality in the Atlantic Slave Trade
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 1540
PY  - 1985
Y2  - 1985
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w1540
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w1540.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
Richard H. Steckel
Department of Economics
Ohio State University
410 Arps Hall, 1945 North High Street
Columbus, OH  43210-1172
Tel: 614/292-5008
Fax: 614/292-3906
E-Mail: steckel.1@osu.edu

Richard Jensen
Dept. of Economics 
University of Notre Dame
434 Flanner Hall
Notre Dame, IN 46556
E-Mail: richard.jensen.24@nd.edu
AB  - This paper measures and analyzes death rates that prevailed in the Atlantic slave trade during the late 1700s. Crew members died primarily from fevers (probably malaria) and slaves died primarily from gastrointestinal diseases. Annual death rates in this activity were 230 per thousand among the crew and 83 per thousand among slaves. The lack of immunitiesto the African disease environment contributed to the high death rates among the crew. The spread of dysentery among slaves during the voyage was probably exacerbated by congestion and poor nutrition. Death rates differed systematically by region of origin in Africa and season of the year. There was little interaction between the incidence of slave and crew deaths. The high death rates make the slave trade a demographic laboratory for study of health and mortality and an economic laboratory for study of markets for free labor.
ER  -