TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manova,Kalina
AU  - Zhang,Zhiwei
TI  - China's Exporters and Importers: Firms, Products and Trade Partners
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 15249
PY  - 2009
Y2  - August 2009
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w15249
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w15249.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
Kalina Manova
Department of Economics
Stanford University
579 Serra Mall
Stanford, CA 94305
Tel: 650/725-9967
Fax: 650/725-5702
E-Mail: manova@stanford.edu

Zhiwei Zhang
International Monetary Fund
Research Department
700 19th Street NW
Washington, DC 20431 USA
E-Mail: zzhang@hkma.gov.hk
AB  - This paper uses newly available data on Chinese trade flows to establish novel and confirm existing stylized facts about firm heterogeneity in trade. First, the bulk of exports and imports are captured by a few multi-product firms that transact with a large number of countries. Second, the average importer imports more products than the average exporter exports, but exporters trade with more countries than importers do. Third, compared to private domestic firms, foreign affiliates and joint ventures trade more and import more products from more source countries, but export fewer products to fewer destinations. Fourth, the relationship between firms' intensive and extensive margin of trade is non-monotonic, differs between exporters and importers, and depends on the ownership structure of the firm. Fifth, firms frequently exit and re-enter into trade and regularly change their product mix and trade partners, but foreign firms exhibit less churning. Finally, most of the growth in Chinese exports between 2003-2005 was driven by deepening and broadening of trade relationships by surviving firms, while reallocations across firms contributed only 30%. These stylized facts shed light on the cost structure of international trade and the importance of foreign ownership for firms' export and import decisions.
ER  -