TY - JOUR AU - Bolton,Patrick AU - Chen,Hui AU - Wang,Neng TI - A Unified Theory of Tobin's q, Corporate Investment, Financing, and Risk Management JF - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series VL - No. 14845 PY - 2009 Y2 - April 2009 UR - http://www.nber.org/papers/w14845 L1 - http://www.nber.org/papers/w14845.pdf N1 - Author contact info: Patrick Bolton Columbia Business School 804 Uris Hall New York, NY 10027 Tel: 212/854-9245 Fax: 212/854-8059 E-Mail: pb2208@columbia.edu Hui Chen MIT Sloan School of Management 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E62-637 Cambridge, MA 02139 Tel: 617/324-3896 Fax: 617/258-6855 E-Mail: huichen@mit.edu Neng Wang Columbia Business School 3022 Broadway, Uris Hall 812 New York, NY 10027 Tel: 212/854-3869 Fax: 212/662-8474 E-Mail: nw2128@columbia.edu AB - This paper proposes a simple homogeneous dynamic model of investment and corporate risk management for a financially constrained firm. Following Froot, Scharfstein, and Stein (1993), we define a corporation's risk management as the coordination of investment and financing decisions. In our model, corporate risk management involves internal liquidity management, financial hedging, and investment. We determine a firm's optimal cash, investment, asset sales, credit line, external equity finance, and payout policies as functions of the following key parameters: 1) the firm's earnings growth and cash-flow risk; 2) the external cost of financing; 3) the firm's liquidation value; 4) the opportunity cost of holding cash; 5) investment adjustment and asset sales costs; and 6) the return and covariance characteristics of hedging assets the firm can invest in. The optimal cash inventory policy takes the form of a double-barrier policy where i) cash is paid out to shareholders only when the cash-capital ratio hits an endogenous upper barrier, and ii) external funds are raised only when the firm has depleted its cash. In between the two barriers, the firm adjusts its capital expenditures, asset sales, and hedging policies. Several new insights emerge from our analysis. For example, we find an inverse relation between marginal Tobin's q and investment when the firm draws on its credit line. We also find that financially constrained firms may have a lower equity beta in equilibrium because these firms tend to hold higher precautionary cash inventories. ER -