TY - JOUR AU - Deaton,Angus AU - Fortson,Jane AU - Tortora,Robert TI - Life (evaluation), HIV/AIDS, and Death in Africa JF - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series VL - No. 14637 PY - 2009 Y2 - January 2009 UR - http://www.nber.org/papers/w14637 L1 - http://www.nber.org/papers/w14637.pdf N1 - Author contact info: Angus S. Deaton 328 Wallace Hall Woodrow Wilson School Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544-1013 Tel: 609/258-5967 Fax: 609/258-5974 E-Mail: deaton@princeton.edu Jane Fortson Mathematica Policy Research 505 14th Street, Suite 800 Oakland, CA 94612 Tel: (510) 830-3708 E-Mail: jfortson@mathematica-mpr.com Robert Tortora Gallup Organization E-Mail: Bob_Tortora@gallup.com AB - We use data from the Gallup World Poll and from the Demographic and Health Surveys to investigate how subjective wellbeing (SWB) is affected by mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, including mortality from HIV/AIDS. The Gallup data provide direct evidence on Africans' own emotional and evaluative responses to high levels of infection and of mortality. By comparing the effect of mortality on SWB with the effect of income on SWB, we can attach monetary values to mortality to illuminate the often controversial question of how to value life in Africa. Large fractions of the respondents in the World Poll report the mortality of an immediate family member in the last twelve months, with malaria typically more important than AIDS, and deaths of women in childbirth more important than deaths from AIDS in many countries. A life evaluation measure (Cantril's ladder of life) is relatively insensitive to the deaths of immediate family, which suggests a low value of life. There are much larger effects on experiential measures, such as sadness and depression, which suggest much larger values of life. It is not clear whether either of these results is correct, yet our results demonstrate that experiential and evaluative measures are not the same thing, and that they cannot be used interchangeably as measures of "happiness" in welfare economics. ER -