@techreport{NBERw12998,
 title = "Insider Privatization and Careers - A Study  of a Russian Firm in Transition",
 author = "Guido Friebel and Elena Panova",
 institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research",
 type = "Working Paper",
 series = "Working Paper Series",
 number = "12998",
 year = "2007",
 month = "March",
 URL = "http://www.nber.org/papers/w12998",
 abstract = {We study how transition has affected human resource policies of a Russian heavy industry firm. Our data set contains personnel files of 1538 white-collar workers over 17 years: from 1984 to 2000. We find career paths before the first year of Gaidar's reforms, 1992, when Russian transition to a market economy began. After 1992, promotions are blocked, because both (i) more managers are hired from the outside, and (ii) fewer managers leave the firm. A possible reason is an extremely weak outsider property rights enforcement in Russia. Keywords: institutional environment and internal labor market, transition to a market economy.},
}