TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nordhaus,William D.
TI  - The Economics of Hurricanes in the United States
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 12813
PY  - 2006
Y2  - December 2006
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w12813
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w12813.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
William D. Nordhaus
Yale University, Department of Economics
28 Hillhouse Avenue
Box 208264
New Haven, CT  06520-8264
Tel: 203/432-3598
Fax: 203/432-5779
E-Mail: william.nordhaus@yale.edu
AB  - The year 2005 brought record numbers of hurricanes and storm damages to the United States. Was this a foretaste of increasingly destructive hurricanes in an era of global warming? This study examines the economic impacts of U.S. hurricanes. The major conclusions are the following: First, there appears to be an increase in the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic. Second, there are substantial vulnerabilities to intense hurricanes in the Atlantic coastal United States. Damages appear to rise with the eighth power of maximum wind speed. Third, greenhouse warming is likely to lead to stronger hurricanes, but the evidence on hurricane frequency is unclear. We estimate that the average annual U.S. hurricane damages will increase by $8 billion at 2005 incomes (0.06 percent of GDP) due to global warming. However, this number may be underestimated by current storm models. Fourth, 2005 appears to have been a quadruple outlier, involving a record number of North Atlantic tropical cyclones, a large fraction of intense storms, a large fraction of the intense storms making landfall in the United States, and an intense storm hitting the most vulnerable high-value region in the country.
ER  -