TY  - JOUR
AU  - Galarraga,Omar
AU  - Salkever,David S.
AU  - Cook,Judith A.
AU  - Gange,Stephen J.
TI  - An Instrumental Variable Evaluation of Antidepressant Use on Employment Among HIV-Infected Women Using Highly-Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the United States: 1996-2004
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 12619
PY  - 2006
Y2  - October 2006
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w12619
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w12619.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
Omar Galarraga
Brown University
Health Services, Policy & Practice
Box G-S121-7
121 S. Main St.
Providence, RI 02912
Tel: 401-863-2331
E-Mail: Omar_Galarraga@brown.edu

David S. Salkever
UMBC
Department of Public Policy
1000 Hilltop Circle, Public Policy 418
Baltimore, MD  21250
Tel: 410/455-8459
Fax: 410-455-8066
E-Mail: salkever@umbc.edu

Judith A. Cook
104 South Michigan Ave.
Suite 900
Chicago, IL 60603
E-Mail: cook@ripco.com

Stephen J. Gange
615 N. Wolfe Street, E7638
Baltimore, MD 21205
E-Mail: sgange@jhsph.edu
AB  - This paper examines the effect of antidepressant use on the likelihood of being employed among HIV-positive women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the United States from 1994 to 2004.  We use instrumental variables to predict antidepressant use independently of outcomes; thus, addressing potential sources of bias -- more depressed women are more likely to receive antidepressant treatment, but they are also more likely to be unemployed.  The results show that antidepressant use has a positive effect on the employment probability of women living with HIV.  The proposed instrumental variables can be used to identify antidepressant use in the WIHS population.  Among women receiving HAART, and controlling for individual and local area labor market characteristics, the use of antidepressants is associated with a higher probability of being employed.
ER  -