TY  - JOUR
AU  - Forbes,Kristin J.
TI  - The Microeconomic Evidence on Capital Controls: No Free Lunch
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 11372
PY  - 2005
Y2  - May 2005
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w11372
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w11372.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
Kristin Forbes
MIT Sloan School of Management
100 Main Street, E62-416
Cambridge, MA  02142
Tel: 617/253-8996
Fax: 617/258-6855
E-Mail: kjforbes@mit.edu
M1  - published as Kristin J. Forbes. "The Microeconomic Evidence on Capital Controls: No Free Lunch," in Sebastian Edwards, editor, "Capital Controls and Capital Flows in Emerging Economies: Policies, Practices and Consequences" University of Chicago Press (2007)

M2  - featured in NBER digest on 2006-01-01
AB  - Macroeconomic analyses of capital controls face a number of imposing challenges and have yielded mixed results to date. This paper takes a different approach and surveys an emerging literature that evaluates various microeconomic effects of capital controls and capital account liberalization. Several key themes emerge. First, capital controls tend to reduce the supply of capital, raise the cost of financing, and increase financial constraints - especially for smaller firms, firms without access to international capital markets and firms without access to preferential lending. Second, capital controls can reduce market discipline in financial markets and the government, leading to a more inefficient allocation of capital and resources. Third, capital controls significantly distort decision-making by firms and individuals, as they attempt to minimize the costs of the controls or even evade them outright. Fourth, the effects of capital controls can vary across different types of firms and countries, reflecting different pre-existing economic distortions. Finally, capital controls can be difficult and costly to enforce, even in countries with sound institutions and low levels of corruption. This microeconomic evidence on capital controls suggests that they have pervasive effects and often generate unexpected costs. Capital controls are no free lunch.
ER  -