TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulligan,Casey B.
AU  - Rubinstein,Yona
TI  - The Closing of the Gender Gap as a Roy Model Illusion
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 10892
PY  - 2004
Y2  - November 2004
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w10892
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w10892.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
Casey B. Mulligan
University of Chicago
Department of Economics
1126 East 59th Street
Chicago, IL  60637
Tel: 773/702-9017
Fax: 773/702-8490
E-Mail: c-mulligan@uchicago.edu

Yona Rubinstein
Brown University
Department of Economics
Box B
Providence, RI 02912
E-Mail: y.rubinstein@lse.ac.uk
AB  - Rising wage inequality within-gender since 1975 has created the illusion of rising wage equality between genders. In the 1970's, women were relatively equal (to each other) in terms of their earnings potential, so that nonwage factors may have dominated female labor supply decisions and nonworking women actually had more earnings potential than working women. By 1990, wages had become unequal enough that they dominated nonwage factors, so that nonworking women tended to be the ones with less earnings potential, and the wage gap between workers and nonworkers was large. Accounting for the growing selection bias using both parametric and semi-parametric versions of the Roy model, we show how the earning power of the median woman has not caught up to the earning power of a median man, even while the earning power of the median working woman has. As an illustration, we give some attention to wives with advanced degrees  -- they have high and stable labor force participation rates  -- and show how their measured wages have grown at about the same rate as those of men with advanced degrees.
ER  -