TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stock,James H.
AU  - Watson,Mark W.
TI  - Heteroskedasticity-Robust Standard Errors for Fixed Effects Panel Data Regression
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Technical Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 323
PY  - 2006
Y2  - June 2006
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/t0323
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/t0323.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
James H. Stock
Department of Economics
Harvard University
Littauer Center M27
Cambridge, MA 02138
Tel: 617/496-0502
Fax: 617/495-7730
E-Mail: James_Stock@harvard.edu

Mark W. Watson
Department of Economics
Princeton University
Princeton, NJ 08544-1013
Tel: 609/258-4811
Fax: 609/258-5533
E-Mail: mwatson@princeton.edu
M2  - featured in NBER digest on 2006-06-26
AB  - The conventional heteroskedasticity-robust (HR) variance matrix estimator for cross-sectional regression (with or without a degrees of freedom adjustment), applied to the fixed effects estimator for panel data with serially uncorrelated errors, is inconsistent if the number of time periods T is fixed (and greater than two) as the number of entities n increases. We provide a bias-adjusted HR estimator that is (nT)1/2 -consistent under any sequences (n, T) in which n and/or T increase to %u221E.The conventional heteroskedasticity-robust (HR) variance matrix estimator for cross-sectional regression (with or without a degrees of freedom adjustment), applied to the fixed effects estimator for panel data with serially uncorrelated errors, is inconsistent if the number of time periods T is fixed (and greater than two) as the number of entities n increases. We provide a bias-adjusted HR estimator that is (nT)1/2 -consistent under any sequences (n, T) in which n and/or T increase to %u221E.
ER  -