@techreport{NBERt0323,
 title = "Heteroskedasticity-Robust Standard Errors for Fixed Effects Panel Data Regression",
 author = "James H. Stock and Mark W. Watson",
 institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research",
 type = "Working Paper",
 series = "Technical Working Paper Series",
 number = "323",
 year = "2006",
 month = "June",
 URL = "http://www.nber.org/papers/t0323",
 abstract = {The conventional heteroskedasticity-robust (HR) variance matrix estimator for cross-sectional regression (with or without a degrees of freedom adjustment), applied to the fixed effects estimator for panel data with serially uncorrelated errors, is inconsistent if the number of time periods T is fixed (and greater than two) as the number of entities n increases. We provide a bias-adjusted HR estimator that is (nT)1/2 -consistent under any sequences (n, T) in which n and/or T increase to %u221E.The conventional heteroskedasticity-robust (HR) variance matrix estimator for cross-sectional regression (with or without a degrees of freedom adjustment), applied to the fixed effects estimator for panel data with serially uncorrelated errors, is inconsistent if the number of time periods T is fixed (and greater than two) as the number of entities n increases. We provide a bias-adjusted HR estimator that is (nT)1/2 -consistent under any sequences (n, T) in which n and/or T increase to %u221E.},
}