TY  - JOUR
AU  - Costa,Dora L.
TI  - Explaining the Changing Dynamics of Unemployment: Evidence from Civil War Records
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Historical Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 51
PY  - 1993
Y2  - December 1993
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/h0051
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/h0051.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
Dora Costa
Bunche Hall 9272
Department of Economics
UCLA
Box 951477
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1477
Tel: (310) 825-4249
Fax: (310) 825-9528
E-Mail: costa@econ.ucla.edu
AB  - I investigate why workers' probability of leaving unemployment has fallen since 1900 by estimating the impact of a large government transfer, the first major pension program in the United States, covering Union Army veterans of the Civil War.  The pension, because of the program's rules, was a strict income transfer and these rules create a natural experiment to identify the effects of pensions and health on labor supply. Pensions exerted a large impact on the probability of long-term, but not of short-term unemployment.  Estimated hazards suggest that, consistent with a job search model, pensions affected the probability of both entering and exiting unemployment.  But, pensions mainly lowered the probability of leaving unemployment.  The findings suggest that explanations for the secular rise in long-term unemployment should focus on factors such as the secular increase in wealth and the increased availability and generosity of unemployment benefits.
ER  -