@techreport{NBERh0040,
 title = "The Labor Force in the Nineteenth Century",
 author = "Robert A. Margo",
 institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research",
 type = "Working Paper",
 series = "Historical Working Paper Series",
 number = "40",
 year = "1992",
 month = "September",
 URL = "http://www.nber.org/papers/h0040",
 abstract = {This paper surveys recent research on the labor force in the nineteenth century. I examine trends in the aggregate size, demographic, occupational and industrial composition of the labor force; short-run and long-run movements in nominal and real wages; hours of work; the development of the factory system; the growth of unions; and government regulation of labor markets, specifically protectionist legislation. Although my survey is deliberately broad in scope, there is an underlying emphasis on those aspects of change that had a direct bearing on the evolution of the labor force in the twentieth century. In keeping with this theme, the paper concludes with a brief comparison of labor markets at the turn of the century with labor markets today.},
}