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Please remember that NBER Working Papers may not make policy recommendations or offer normative judgments about policies. While they may report analytic results about policies, and explain how particular policies may maximize well-defined objectives, they may not make statements regarding which policies should (or should not) be adopted, or make other normative statements.

Papers are eligible for inclusion in the working paper series if one or more authors are Faculty Research Fellows or Research Associates. Also, if a paper was prepared for an NBER-sponsored research meeting and is scheduled to be published in an NBER conference volume, it may be included even if none of the authors are affiliates.

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Papers may not exceed 75 pages. Please put appendices into their own file and upload them separately in the appropriate section on the next page.

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Please enter authors' names in the order in which they should appear on the paper. To search, type a few letters from an author's first name, last name, or email address, then select from the candidates listed. For authors with short or common names, there may be many matches to display. A search by email address is most likely to narrow the results.

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