PUBLICATIONS

BOOKS

1953

(with A. D. Gayer and W.W. Rostow) The Growth and Fluctuation of the British Economy, 1790-1850. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2 vols. 2nd ed., Sussex: Harvester Press, 1975.

1963

(with Milton Friedman) A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960. Princeton: Princeton University Press for NBER, 1963.

1970

(with Milton Friedman) Monetary Statistics of the United States. New York: Columbia University Press for NBER, 1970.

1982

(with Milton Friedman) Monetary Trends in the United States and the United Kingdom: Their Relation to Income, Prices, and Interest Rates, 1867-1975. Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER, 1982.

1983

(with M. R. Darby et al.) The International Transmission of Inflation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER, 1983.

1984

A Retrospective on the Classical Gold Standard, 1821-1931 (Introduction and Co-Editor with Michael D. Bordo). Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER.

1987

Money in Historical Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER. 1987.

The Search for Stable Money: Essays on Monetary Reform (Co-Editor with James A. Dorn) Chicago: University of Chicago Press and the Cato Institute.

1992

Commodity Monies, 2 vols. (Editor). Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar.

ARTICLES

1940

(with A.D. Gayer and I. Finkelstein) “British Share Prices, 1811-1850,” Review of Economics and Statistics 22, 78-93.

1947

(with E. Oliver) “Currency Held by the Public, the Banks, and the Treasury, Monthly, December 1917-December 1944.” NBER Technical Paper No. 4.

“The Beginning of Competitive Banking in Philadelphia, 1782-1809,” Journal of Political Economy 55, 417-431.

“An Attempt at Synthesis in American Banking History,” Journal of Economic History 7, 208-216.

1960

“Gross Dividend and Interest Payments by Corporations at Selected Dates in the 19th Century.” In Trends in the American Economy in the Nineteenth Century, Studies in Income and Wealth, Vol. 24. New York: NBER. 407-445.

1963

(with Milton Friedman) “Money and Business Cycles,” Review of Economics and Statistics 45, 32-64.

1969

(with Milton Friedman) “The Definition of Money,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 1, 1-14.

“Short-Term Targets of Some Foreign Central Banks,” in K. Brunner (ed.), Targets and Indicators of Monetary Policy. San Francisco: Chandler. 27-65.

“Why Money Matters,” Lloyds Bank Review 24, 1-16.

1972

“The Aliber, Dewald, and Gordon Papers, A Comment,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 4, 978-984.

1973

“Secular Price Change in Historical Perspective,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 5, 243-269.

1975

(with Phillip Cagan) “How Feasible is a Flexible Monetary Policy?” In R. T. Selden (ed.), Capitalism and Freedom, Problems and Prospects. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. 262-293.

(with Phillip Cagan) “Has the Growth of Money Substitutes Hindered Monetary Policy?”, Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 7, 137-159.

“Monetary Trends in the United States and the United Kingdom, 1878-1970: Selected Findings,” Journal of Economic History 35, 138-159.

“Comments.” In W. L. Silber (ed.), Financial Innovation. Health, 1975, pp. 45-51.

1976

“Comments.” In J. Stein (ed.), Monetarism. Amsterdam: North Holland. 43-49.

(with Milton Friedman) “From Gibson to Fisher,” Explorations in Economic Research 3, 288-291.

1977

(with Michael D. Bordo) “Issues in Monetary Economics and Their Impact on Research in Economic History.” In R. E. Gallman (ed.), Research in Economic History. Greenwich, Conn.: Johnson Associates. 81-129.

“Policies for Research in Monetary Economics.” In M. Perlman (ed.), The Organization and Retrieval of Economic Knowledge. London: Macmillan. 281-293.

1978

“Comments on Papers by Fourcans, Fratianni, and Korteweg,” Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 7, 193-201.

1979

“The Banking Reforms of the 1930s.” In G. M. Walton (ed.), Regulatory Change in an Atmosphere of Crisis: The Current Day Implications of the Roosevelt Years. New York: Academic Press. 93-99.

(with Michael D. Bordo) “Clark Warburton: Pioneer Monetarist,” Journal of Monetary Economics 5, 43-65.

1980

(with Michael D. Bordo) “Money and Prices in the Nineteenth Century: An Old Debate Rejoined,” Journal of Economic History 40, March 1980, pp. 6167.

1981

“Understanding 1929 1933,” in K. Brunner (ed.), The Great Depression Revisited. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 5-48.

(with Michael D. Bordo) “Money and Prices in the Nineteenth Century: Was Thomas Tooke Right?,” Explorations in Economic History 18, 97-127.

A Century of British Market Interest Rates 1874-1975. January 1981. The Henry Thornton Lecture. City University Centre for Banking and International Finance. Reprinted in 1989 in F. Capie and G. E. Wood (eds.), Monetary Economics in the 1980s: The Henry Thornton Lectures, Numbers 1-8. (Studies in Banking and International Finance). London: Macmillan. 41-55.

1982

(with Milton Friedman) “The Effect of the Term Structure of Interest Rates on the Demand for

Money in the United States,” Journal of Political Economy 90, 201-212.

(with Milton Friedman) “Interrelations between the United States and the United Kingdom, 1873-1975,” Journal of International Money and Finance 1, 3-19.

Report to the Congress of the Commission on the Role of Gold in the Domestic and International Monetary Systems, Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.

“Reflections on the Gold Commission Report,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 14, 538-551.

1983

(with K. Brunner et al.) “International Debt, Insolvency, and Illiquidity,” Journal of Economic Affairs 3, 160-166.

(with Michael D. Bordo) “The Importance of Stable Money: Theory and Evidence,” Cato Journal 3, 63-82.

1984

“International Lending and the Economic Environment,” Cato Journal 4, 205-209.

“Currents and Countercurrents in Political and Economic Thought: A Comment on the Fellner Paper,” Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 21, 253-257.

“Comments on the Paper by Alan Budd, Sean Holly, Andrew Longbottom and David Smith.” In B. Griffiths and G. E. Wood (eds.), Monetarism in the United Kingdom. London: Macmillan. 129-136.

1986

“Comments on Rudiger Dornbusch and Stanley Fischer, ‘The Open Economy: Implications for Monetary and Fiscal Policy.’” In R. J. Gordon (ed.), The American Business Cycle. Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER. 504-510.

“Real and Pseudo Financial Crises.” In F. Capie and G. E. Wood (eds.), Financial Crises and the World Banking System. London: Macmillan. 11-31.

“Alternative Monetary Regimes: The Gold Standard.” In C. Campbell and W. Dougan (eds.), Alternative Monetary Regimes. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 44-72.

“Sustained Recovery and Trade Liberalization: How the Transfer Problem Can Be Solved.” In H. Giersch (ed.), The International Debt Problem: Lessons for the Future. Kiel: J.C.B. Mohr. 123-144.

“Assessing the Fed’s Control of Domestic Monetary Policy,” Cato Journal 5, 843-848.

(with Milton Friedman) “Has Government Any Role in Money?,” Journal of Monetary Economics 17, 37-62.

(with Milton Friedman) “The Failure of the Bank of United States: A Reappraisal: A Reply,” Explorations in Economic History 23, 199-204.

1987

(with Michael D. Bordo and E.U. Choudhri) “The Behavior of Money Stock Under Interest Rate Control: Some Evidence for Canada,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 19, 180-197.

“Prospects of an International Monetary Constitution,” Contemporary Policy Issues 5, 16-30.

“The Lender of Last Resort and the Federal Safety Net,” Journal of Financial Services Research 1, 77-111.

“Banking School, Currency School, Free Banking School;” “Arthur D. Gayer;” “Thomas Joplin;” “Sir Henry Parnell.” In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 4 vols. New York: Stockton Press, 1987, v. 1, 182-186; v. 2, 488-489, 1037-1038, v. 3, 793.

1988

“Bank Runs and Deposit Insurance Reform,” Cato Journal 7, 589-594.

“Financial Stability and the Federal Safety Net.” In W. S. Haraf (ed.), Restructuring Banking and Financial Services in America. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute. 34-62.

1989

“Comment on Barry Eichengreen, ‘Trade Deficits in the Long Run.’” In A. E. Burger (ed.), U.S. Trade Deficit: Causes, Consequences, and Cures. Kluwer. 279-285.

(with Michael D. Bordo) “The ECU—An Imaginary or Embryonic Form of Money. What Can We Learn from History?” In P. De Grauwe and T. Peeters (eds.), The ECU and European Monetary Integration. London: Macmillan. 1-21.

“Comment on Thomas Rymes, ‘The Theory and Measurement of the Nominal Output of Banks, Sectoral Rates of Saving and Wealth in the National Accounts.’” In R. E. Lipsey and H. S. Tice (eds.), The Measurement of Saving, Investment, and Wealth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER. 390-393.

(with Michael D. Bordo) “Transmission of Real and Monetary Disturbances under Fixed vs. Floating Rates,” Cato Journal 8, 451-472.

“International Debts: What’s Fact and What’s Fiction,” Economic Inquiry 27, 1-19.

“The Effects of Regulation on Systemic Risk.” In The Financial Services Industry in the Year 2000: Risk and Efficiency. Chicago: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. 28-34.

(with Michael D. Bordo), “Cyclical Effects of International Transmission of Real and Monetary Disturbances.” In P.J. Klein (ed.), Analyzing Modern Business Cycles: Essays Honoring Geoffrey H. Moore. New York: Armonk. 275-292.

“Comment on Carter Golembe, ‘Long-Term Trends in Bank Regulation.’” Journal of Financial Services Research 2, 185-188.

“Comment on Christina and David Romer, ‘Does Monetary Policy Matter? A New Test in the Spirit of Friedman and Schwartz,’” NBER Macroeconomics Annual 4, 170-176.

1990

(with Michael D. Bordo and E.U. Choudhri), “Money Stock Targeting, Base Drift and Price Level Predictability: Lessons from the U.K. Experience,” Journal of Monetary Economics 25, 253-272.

1991

“Comment on Hugh Rockoff, ‘New Views of the American Experience with Free Banking.’” In F. Capie and G. E. Wood (eds.), Unregulated Banking: Chaos or Order? London: Macmillan. 125-129.

(with Michael D. Bordo), “What Has Foreign Exchange Market Intervention Since the Plaza Agreement Accomplished?,” Open Economies Review 2, 39-64.

(with Phillip Cagan), “The National Bank Note Puzzle Reinterpreted,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 23, 293-307.

(with Milton Friedman) “Alternative Approaches to Analyzing Economic Data,” American Economic Review 81, 39-49.

“Monetarism and Monetary Policy.” Institute of Economic Affairs Occasional Paper No. 86, London.

1992

(with Michael D. Bordo and P. Rappoport), “Money Versus Credit Rationing: Evidence for the National Banking Era, 1880-1914.” In C. Goldin and H. Rockoff (eds.), Strategic Factors in 19th Century American Economic History: In Honor of Robert W. Fogel, Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER. 189-223.

“The Misuse of the Fed’s Discount Window,” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review 74, 58-69.

“Do Currency Boards Have a Future?” Institute of Economic Affairs Occasional Paper No. 88, London.

1993

“A Commodity Standard for Russia?,” Cato Journal 12, 683-686.

“International Financial Liberalization and Exchange Rate Policies,” Cato Journal 13, 273-277.

“Comment on Alberto Giovannini, ‘Bretton Woods and Its Precursors: Rules Versus Discretion in the History of International Monetary Regimes.’” In M. D. Bordo and B. Eichengreen (eds.), A Retrospective on the Bretton Woods System. Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER.

“Currency Boards: Their Past, Present, and Possible Future Role,” Carnegie Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 39, 147-184.

(with Jerry L. Jordan, Allan H. Meltzer, and Thomas J. Sargent) “Milton, Money, and Mischief: Symposium and Articles in Honor of Milton Friedman’s 80th Birthday,” Economic Inquiry 31, 197-223.

“An Assessment of Monetary Regimes.” In M. D. Bordo and F. H. Capie (eds.), Monetary Regimes in Transition. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 373-383.

“Are Central Banks Necessary?” Critical Review 7, 355-370.

1995

(with Michael D. Bordo) “The Performance and Stability of Banking Systems under ‘Self-Regulation’: Theory and Evidence,” Cato Journal 14, 453-479.

(with Michael D. Bordo and E. U. Choudhri), “Could Stable Money Have Averted the Great Contraction?” Economic Inquiry 33, 484-505.

“Stability, Efficiency, and Credit Controls,” in M. D. Bordo and R. Sylla (eds.) Anglo-American Financial Systems: Institutions and Markets in the Twentieth Century. New York: McGraw Hill.

“Systemic Risk and the Macroeconomy.” In G. Kaufman and P. Bartholomew (eds.), Banking, Financial Markets, and Systemic Risk. JAI Press. 19-30.

“Coping with Financial Fragility: A Global Perspective,” Journal of Financial Services Research 9, 445-451.

1996

(with Michael D. Bordo), “The Specie Standard as a Contingent Rule: Some Evidence for Core and Peripheral Countries, 1880-1990.” In B. Eichengreen, J. Braga de Macedo, and J. Reis (eds.), The Currency Convertibility Gold Standard and Beyond. London: Routledge. 3-83.

“U.S. Foreign Exchange Market Intervention Since 1962,” Scottish Journal of Political Economy 43, 379-397.

(with Michael D. Bordo) “Why Clashes Between Internal and External Stability Goals End in Currency Crises, 1797-1994.” Open Economics Review 7, 437-468.

1997

“Comments on Eichengreen and Grossman, ‘Debt Deflation and Financial Instability: Two Historical Explorations,’” In F. Capie and G. E. Wood (eds.), Asset Prices and the Real Economy. London: St. Martin’s Press. 100-105.

“From Obscurity to Notoriety: A Biography of the Exchange Stabilization Fund,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 29, 135-193.

1998

(with Michael D. Bordo and B. Mizrach) “Real Versus Pseudo-International Systemic Risk: Lessons from History.” Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 1, 31-58.

“Why Financial Stability Depends on Price Stability.” In G. E. Wood (ed.), Money, Prices and the Real Economy. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar, 1998, pp. 34-41.

“Asian Banking Crises in the 1990s: All Alike?” In G. G. Kaufman (ed.), Bank Crises: Causes, Analysis and Prevention. London: JAI Press. 139-163.

1999

(with Michael D. Bordo) “Under What Circumstances Past and Present, Have International Rescues of Countries in Financial Distress Been Successful?,” Journal of International Money and Finance 18, 683-708.

(with Michael D. Bordo) “Monetary Policy Regimes and Economic Performance: The Historical Record.” In J. B. Taylor and M. Woodford (eds.), Handbook of Macroeconomics, Vol. 1A. 149-234.

2000

“Do We Need a New Bretton Woods?,” Cato Journal 20, 21-25.

(with Michael D. Bordo) “Measuring Real Economic Effects of Bailouts: Historical

Perspectives on How Countries in Financial Distress Have Fared with and

without Bailouts,” Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 53, 81-167.

“The Rise and Fall of Foreign Exchange Market Intervention as a Policy Tool,” Journal of Financial Services Research 18, 319-339.

“Global Financial Crises: Discussion of Policy Responses.” In Global Financial Crises:

Lessons from Recent Events. Boston: Kluwer Academic. 143-146.

“Must Political Union Accompany Monetary Union? Commentary.” In M. D. Bordo, L. Jonung et al., Lessons for EMU from the History of Monetary Unions. London: Institute of Economic Affairs. 63-68.

(with Michael D. Bordo and E. U. Choudhri) “Was Expansionary Monetary Policy Feasible During the Great Contraction: An Examination of the Gold Standard Constraint.” Explorations in Economic History 39(1): Jan. 1-28.

“Assessing IMF’s Crisis Prevention and Management Record.” In W.C. Hunter, G.G. Kaufman and T.H. Krueger (eds.), The Asian Financial Crisis: Origins, Implications and Solutions. Boston: Kluwer Academic. 453-457.

2001

“Comment on M.B. Devereux and C. Engel, ‘The Optimal Choice of Exchange Rate Regime:

Price-Setting Rules and Internationalized Production.’” In Topics in Empirical International Economics: A Festschrift in Honor of Robert E. Lipsey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER. 190-193.

(with M.D. Bordo) “From the Exchange Stabilization Fund to the International Monetary Fund.” NBER Working Paper 8100 (January 2001).

2002

(with Michael D. Bordo and E.U. Choudhri) “Was Expansionary Monetary Policy Feasible During the Great Contraction: An Examination of the Gold Standard Constraint.” Explorations in Economic History 39(1): Jan. 1-28.

“Comments: Shifting the Risk after Shifting the Focus.” In W.C. Hunter, G.G. Kaufman, M. Pomerleano (eds.), Asset Price Bubbles. Boston: MIT. 381-387.

“Earmarks of a Lender of Last Resort.” In C. Goodhart and G. Illing (eds.), Financial Crises, Contagion, and the Lender of Last Resort. Oxford. 440-469.

2003

“Asset Price Inflation and Monetary Policy,” Atlantic Economic Journal 31, 1-14.

“Comment on Hugh Rockoff, ‘The U.S. as an Optimal Currency Area.’” In F. Capie and G. E. Wood (eds.), Monetary Unions. London: Routledge.

“Comment on ‘Core, Periphery, Exchange Rate Regimes, and Globalization” by M. D. Bordo and M. Flandreau.’” In M. D. Bordo, A. M. Taylor, and J. G. Williamson (eds.), Globalization in Historical Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 468-482.

“Do Sovereign Debtors Need a Bankruptcy Law?” Cato Journal 23: 81-100.

(with Michael D. Bordo) “Charles Goodhart’s Contributions to the History of Monetary Institutions.” In P. Mizen (ed.), Monetary History, Exchange Rates and Financial Markets: Essays in Honour of Charles Goodhart, Volume Two. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar. 34-51.

“Comment on Athanasios Orphanides, ‘Historical Monetary Policy Analysis and the Taylor Rule,’” Journal of Monetary Economics 50, 1023-1027.

2004

(With Michael D. Bordo) “IS-LM and Monetarism.” History of Political Economy 36 Supplement 1 (December): 217-39.

“Global Order and the Future of the Euro.” Cato Journal 24(1-2): 19-26.

“Risks to the Future Stability of the Euro.” Atlantic Economic Journal 32(1):1-10.

2005

“Dealing with Exchange Rate Protectionism.” Cato Journal 25(1): 97-106.

“Aftermath of the Monetarist Clash with the Federal Reserve Before and During the Volcker Era.” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review 87, No. 2, Pt. 2 (March/April): 349-52.

BOOK REVIEWS

English Bank Note Circulation, 1694‑1954, by Emmanuel Coppieters, Review, Journal of Political Economy, August 1956, pp. 353‑354.

The Origins of Hamilton's Fiscal Policies, by Donald F. Swanson, Review, Kyklos, Vol. XVII, 1964, Fasc. 3, pp. 517‑519.

The Greenback Era, by Irwin Unger, Review, Political Science Quarterly, December 1965, pp. 625‑627.

Commercial Bank Behavior and Economic Activity, by Stephen M. Goldfield, Review, Kyklos, Vol. XX, 1967, Fasc. 2, pp. 539‑540.

Central Bank Cooperation: 1924‑31, by Stephen V. O. Clarke, Review, Kyklos, Vol. XXI, 1968, Fasc. 1, pp. 162‑163.

Statistics of the British Economy, by F. M. M. Lewis, Review, Kyklos, Vol. XXI, 1968, Fasc. 2, pp. 392‑394.

The Jacksonian Economy, by Peter Temin, Review, Journal of Economic History, June 1970, pp. 476‑479.

Sovereignty and an Empty Purse: Banks and Politics in the Civil War, by Bray Hammond, Review, Journal of Economic Literature, March 1972, pp. 74‑75.

The International Economy and Monetary Movements in France, 1493‑1725, by Frank C. Spooner, Review, The Journal of European Economic History, Spring 1974, pp. 252‑255.

The Banking Crisis of 1933, by Susan E. Kennedy, Review, Journal of Monetary

Economics, January 1975, pp. 129‑30.

The World in Depression, 1929‑1939, by Charles P. Kindleberger, Review, Journal of Political Economy, February 1975, pp. 231‑237.

Domestic Monetary Management in Britain, 1919‑38, by Susan Howson, Review, Journal of European Economic History, Fall 1976, Vol. 5(2), pp. 500‑503.

Money and Empire, by Marcello deCecco, Review, Journal of Modern History, September 1977, pp. 490‑491.

The Bank of England, 1891‑1944, by R. S. Sayers, Review, Journal of Economic Literature, September 1977, pp. 945‑947.

The Golden Constant: The English and American Experience, 1560‑1976, by Roy W. Jastram, Review, Journal of Economic History, September 1978, pp. 784‑786.

Growth and Fluctuations, 1870‑1913, by W. Arthur Lewis, Review, The Journal of European Economic History, Fall 1979, Vol. 8, pp. 504‑506.

The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, Volume 21. Activities 1931‑1939: World Crisis and Policies in Britain and America. Edited by Donald Moggridge. Review, Journal of Economic Literature, September 1983, pp. 12‑14.

The Floating Pound and the Sterling Area, 1931‑1939, by Ian Drummond, Review, Journal of European Economic History, Winter 1984, Vol. 13, pp. 668‑670.

The Development and Operation of Monetary Policy, 1960‑1983; a selection of material from the Quarterly Bulletin of the Bank of England. Review. The Banker, February 1985, pp. 100‑101.

A Financial History of Western Europe, by Charles P. Kindleberger, Review, The Journal of European Economic History (forthcoming).

World Inflation Since 1950: An International Comparative Study, by A.J. Brown, Review, Economic History Review, November 1986, 670‑72.

The Gold Standard in Theory and History, B. Eichengreen, ed., Review, Journal of Economic History, December 1986, 1106‑08.

The Ongoing Revolution in American Banking, by Arthur F. Burns, Review, Journal of Economic Literature, December 1990, 1743-44.

Lessons from the Great Depression: The Lionel Robbins Lectures for 1989, by Peter Temin, Review, Economica, November 1991, 535-36.

Milton Friedman: Economics in Theory and Practice by Abraham Hirsch and Neil de Marchi, Review, Economic Journal, July 1992, 959-61

The Golden Age of the Quantity Theory, by David Laidler, Review, Journal of the History of Economic Thought, Fall 1992, 292-95.

International Economic Transactions, Peter Hooper and J.D. Richardson, eds. Review, JOICE 3(2), 1994, 147-56.

The Evolution of U.S. Finance, Vols. 1 and 2, by Jane W. D'Arista, Review, Journal of Economic Literature, June 1995, 869-71.

International Monetary Cooperation Since Bretton Woods by Harold James, Review, Journal of Economic History, December 1997, 982-83.

The Banking Panics of the Great Depression by Elmus Wicker, Review, Journal of Economic Literature, March 1998, 275-76.

Globalizing Capital: A History of the International Monetary System by Barry Eichengreen,

Review, Journal of Economic History, June 1998, 617-18.

The International Origins of the Federal Reserve System by J. Lawrence Broz. Review.

American Historical Review, February, 2000, 238.

Charting Twentieth Century Monetary Policy: Herbert Hoover and Benjamin Strong, 1917-1927, by Silvano A. Wueschner. Review, Economic Record (forthcoming).

The Big Problem of Small Change by Thomas J. Sargent and Francois R. Velde. Review, Economic History Services, July 15, 2002, URL : http://www.eh.net/bookreviews/library/0510.shtml

Money Doctors: The Experience of Financial Advising, 1850-2000. Marc Flandreau (ed.) Review, Economic History Services, September 30, 2004, URL: http://www.eh.net/bookreviews/library/0847.shtml