RICHARD CHARLES SUTCH

CURRENT POSITIONS

Professor of Economics and History, Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley
Director, Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California, Berkeley

PERSONAL

Born December 8, 1942, Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Lived and educated in Richland, Washington.
Married to Susan Boslego Carter with one child, Cordelia Sutch (born 1978).

EDUCATION

University of Washington, Seattle
B.A., Economics, 1963
Thesis: "The Profitability of Antebellum Slavery -- Revisited"

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
Ph.D., Economics, 1968
Dissertation: "Expectations, Risk, and the Term Structure of Interest Rates"

FELLOWSHIPS

1970-1971 Ford Faculty Research Fellow
1984-1985 Guggenheim Fellow

ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS

University of California, Berkeley

1967-1968: Acting Assistant Professor of Economics
1968-1972: Assistant Professor of Economics
1972-1977: Associate Professor of Economics
1977-1987: Professor of Economics
1987-date: Professor of Economics and History

VISITING ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS

Visiting Professor of Economics, Division of Humanities and Social Science
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 1985-1986

AFFILIATED ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS

• 1977-1991: Member of Graduate Group in Demography

• 1991-date: Member of the Department of Demography, University of California, Berkeley

• 1983-date: Member of Graduate Group in Ethnic Studies, University of California, Berkeley

• 1986-date: Research Fellow, Agricultural History Center, University of California, Davis

• 1987-date: Member of the Extended Graduate Faculty, School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley

• 1988-date: Directeur d'Etudes Associé, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Maison des Sciences de L'Homme, Paris

• 1988-date: Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research

• 1994-date: Member of the Advisory Council and Research Fellow, Center for Economic History and Theory, M. V. Lomonossov State University, Moscow

ADMINISTRATIVE APPOINTMENTS

University of California, Berkeley

• 1975-1977: Vice-Chair, Department of Economics

• 1977-1980: Member of the Administrative Committee, Graduate Group in Demography

• 1980-1983: Member of the Administrative Committee, Graduate Division

• 1982-1994: Member of the Chancellor's Advisory Board, Disabled Students Program

• 1986-1990: Member of the Chancellor's Advisory Committee, Graduate Affirmative Action

• 1987-1988: Chair of the Provost's Review Committee, Institute of Industrial Relations

• 1983-1985: Chair of the Administrative Committee

• 1988-date: Director, Institute of Business and Economic Research

• 1989-1990: Member of the Executive Committee

• 1990-1993: Chair of the Executive Committee, College of Letters and Science

• 1990-1993: Chairman of the Faculty, College of Letters and Science

• 1991-1993: Member of the Provosts' Joint Committee on Undergraduate Instruction, College of Letters and Science and the Professional Schools and Colleges, "Arthur Committee"

• 1992-1993 Member of the Academic Planning Board, The Vice-Chancellor's Office

• 1993-1994 Member of the Graduate Dean's Review Committee, Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences

• 1994-1995 Member of the Vice Chancellors' Review Committee, Haas School of Business

• 1996-date Member of the Advisory Committee, UC Berkeley-Washington Center

RESEARCH GRANTS AND AWARDS

1969-1977: Principal Investigator

National Science Foundation Grant GS 2668
National Science Foundation Grant GS 3263
National Science Foundation Grant SOC 74-09457
Institute of Business and Economic Research
University of California, Berkeley
Center for Social and Behavioral Science Research
University of California, Riverside

1970-1971: Ford Research Fellow, Ford Foundation

1977-1978: Ford Faculty Research Professor, Ford Foundation

1984-1985: Guggenheim Fellow, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation

1984-1987: Principal Investigator

National Science Foundation Grant SES 8411255
Institute of Business and Economic Research
University of California, Berkeley

1990-1994: Principal Investigator

National Institute on Aging Grant AG08131
Institute of Business and Economic Research
University of California, Berkeley

1991-1993: Principal Investigator

National Science Foundation Grant SES 9024488
Institute of Business and Economic Research
University of California, Berkeley

1995-date: Investigator

National Institute on Aging Center Grant
Center for Demography and Economics of Aging
University of California, Berkeley

1996-date Principle Investigator, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation

1996-1967 Investigator for the Panel on Immigration Reform

National Research Council
National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC

PROFESSIONAL OFFICES

• 1980-date: Berkeley Campus Representative, Steering Committee
  University of California Group in Economic History
  University of California, Systemwide

• 1980-1983: Board of Editors, Journal of Economic History
  Economic History Association

• 1985-1989: Founding Trustee, Cliometric Society

• 1986-1991: Board of Editors, Explorations in Economic History

• 1987-1995: Associate Editor, Research in Economic History

• 1989-1990: President, Economic History Association

• 1990-1993: Trustee, Economic History Association

• 1989-1990: Member of the Economics Advisory Panel, National Science Foundation

• 1990-date: Member of the Executive Committee
  International Economic History Association

• 1991: Chair, Ad Hoc Task Force on the Economic History of Global Change
  National Science Foundation

• 1993-date: Representative to the American Economic Association and the Allied Social Science Associations
  Economic History Association

• 1996-date Co-Editor in Chief, Historical Statistics of the United States, Millennial Edition
  To be published by Cambridge University Press
  In cooperation with the United States Bureau of the Census
  With the financial support of the National Science Foundation

• 1996-date Member of the Advisory Board, Economic and Business History Abstracts
  Economic Research Network

• 1997: Member of the Steering Committee, "Economic and Social Impacts of Computing and Communications"
  Computer Sciences and Telecommunications Board, National Research Council

HONORS AND AWARDS

• 1977: Reckoning with Slavery selected as "Outstanding Academic Book of 1976" in North American History by the editors of Choice

• 1978: One Kind of Freedom selected as "Outstanding Academic Book of 1977" in North American History by the editors of Choice

• 1979: Class of 1979 Award of Appreciation, Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley

• 1980: Distinguished Teaching Award, Academic Senate, University of California, Berkeley

• 1986: "Clio" Award For Exceptional Support to the Field of Cliometrics, Cliometric Society

• 1986: "Labor of Older Americans," received the Arthur H. Cole Prize for the Outstanding Article in The Journal of Economic History 1985-1986

• 1987: J. Fish and Lillian F. Smith Distinguished Lecturer, Department of Economics, Brigham Young University

• 1987-1988: Professor of the Year, Undergraduate Economics Association, University of California, Berkeley

• 1989-1990: President, Economic History Association

• 1994 Medal of Appreciation, International Economic History Association, awarded in Milan, Italy

• 1995 M. V. Lomonossov Medal, Moscow State University, Moscow

MEMBERSHIP IN SCHOLARLY AND PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Agricultural History Society
American Economic Association
American Historical Association
Cliometrics Society
Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession
Economic History Association
Economic History Society
International Association for Feminist Economics
Organization of American Historians
Population Association of America
Social Science History Association
Society of Labor Economists

ACADEMIC SENATE COMMITTEES

• 1980-1981: Member, Committee on Courses of Instruction, University of California, Berkeley

• 1979-1983: Member, Graduate Council, University of California, Berkeley

• 1981-1982: Vice-Chair, Graduate Council, University of California, Berkeley

• 1982-1983: Chair, Graduate Council, University of California, Berkeley

• 1981-1982: Berkeley Division Representative, Coordinating Committee on Graduate Affairs, University of California, Systemwide

• 1983-1985: Member, Committee on Educational Policy, University of California, Berkeley

• 1986-1987: Member,

• 1987-date: Chair and Dean of Special Curricula, Council for Special Curricula, University of California, Berkeley

• 1995: Member, Visiting Review Team, School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine

PUBLICATIONS

Books

1. Reckoning With Slavery: A Critical Study in the Quantitative History of American Negro Slavery, with Paul A. David, Herbert G. Gutman, Peter Temin, and Gavin Wright, and with an Introduction by Kenneth M. Stampp. Hardcover and paperback editions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976: xvi, 398.

2. One Kind of Freedom: The Economic Consequences of Emancipation, with Roger L. Ransom. Hardcover and paperback editions. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1977: xx, 409.

3. Economics and the Historian, with Thomas G. Rawski, Susan B. Carter, Jon S. Cohen, Stephen Cullenberg, Peter H. Lindert, Donald N. McCloskey, and Hugh Rockoff. Hardcover and paperback editions. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996: xiv, 394.

Edited Books

1. Explorations in the New Economic History: Essays in Honor of Douglass C. North, edited with Roger L. Ransom and Gary M. Walton. New York: Academic Press, 1982: xvi, 308.

2. Research in Economic History: A Research Annual, Volume 12 [1990], edited with Roger Ransom and Peter Lindert. Greenwich: JAI Press, 1990: x, 239.

3. Structures and Dynamics of Agricultural Exploitations: Ownership, Occupation, Investment, Credit, Markets, edited with Erik Aerts, Maurice Aymard, Juhan Kahk, and Gilles Postel-Vinay. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 1990: ii, 143.

4. Structures and Dynamics of Agricultural Exploitations: Ownership, Occupation, Investment, Credit, Markets, Communications, Tenth International Economic History Congress, edited with Maurice Aymard, Juhan Kahk, and Gilles Postel-Vinay. Paris: Maison des Sciences de L'Homme, 1990: 319.

5. Research in Economic History: A Research Annual, Volume 13 [1991], edited with Roger Ransom. Greenwich: JAI Press: 1991: xi, 305.

6. Research in Economic History: A Research Annual, Volume 14 [1992], edited with Roger Ransom and Susan Carter. Greenwich: JAI Press: 1992: xi, 386.

7. Research in Economic History: A Research Annual, Volume 15 [1995], edited with Roger Ransom and Susan Carter. Greenwich: JAI Press: 1995: xiv, 292.

CD-ROM Publications

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970, Electronic Edition on CD-ROM, with Susan B. Carter, Scott Sigmund Gartner, Michael R. Haines, Alan L. Olmstead, and Gavin Wright. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997: CD-ROM with User's Manual.

Contributions to Books

1. "The Breeding of Slaves for Sale and the Westward Expansion of Slavery, 1850-1860." Chapter VIII in Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese, editors. Race and Slavery in the Western Hemisphere: Quantitative Studies. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975: 173-210.

2. "Sambo Makes Good, or Were Slaves Imbued with the Protestant Work Ethic?" with Herbert Gutman. Chapter 2 in Reckoning with Slavery: 55-93.

3. "The Slave Family: Protected Agent of Capitalist Masters or Victim of the Slave Trade?" with Herbert Gutman. Chapter 3 in Reckoning with Slavery: 94-133.

4. "Victorians All? The Sexual Mores and Conduct of Slaves and Their Masters," with Herbert Gutman. Chapter 4 in Reckoning with Slavery: 134-164.

5. "The Care and Feeding of Slaves." Chapter 6 in Reckoning with Slavery: 231-164.

6. "Time on the Cross and the Burden of Quantitative History," with Paul David, Herbert Gutman, Peter Temin, and Gavin Wright. Chapter 8 in Reckoning with Slavery: 339-382.

7. "The Frontiers of Quantitative Economic History, circa 1975." Chapter 10A in Michael Intrilligator, editor, Frontiers of Quantitative Economics, Volume IIIB. New York: North-Holland, 1977: 399-416.

8. "Sharecropping: Market Response or Mechanism of Race Control?" with Roger L. Ransom. Chapter 3 in David G. Sansing, editor, What was Freedom's Price? Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1978: 51-69.

9. "Douglass North and the New Economic History." Chapter 2 in Explorations in the New Economic History: 13-38. Reprinted in The Cliometric Society, Two Pioneers of Cliometrics: Robert W. Fogel and Douglass C. North Oxford: The Cliometric Society, 1994: 59-106.

10. "De Amerikaanse economie, 1917-1947" [The American Economy, 1917-1947], with Pauline Andrews [in Dutch]. Chapter 4 in J. W. Schulte Nordholt and R. Kroes, editors, Spiegel Historiael: De Verenigde Staten van Amerika, 1917-1949 [The United States, 1917-1949]. Haarlem: Fibula-Van Dishoeck, 1983: 378-388.

11. "The Life-Cycle Transition: A Preliminary Report on Wealth-Holding in America," with Roger L. Ransom. Chapter 10 in Income and Wealth Distribution in Historical Perspective, two volumes. Utrecht: Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht, 1986: volume 1. Abstract published in Newsletter of the Cliometrics Society 2 (September 1986). Russian translation reprinted in Valeri Tishkoff, editor, Publications of the Institute of Ethnography, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, 1991.

12. "The Decline of Retirement in the Years before Social Security: U.S. Retirement Patterns, 1870-1940," with Roger L. Ransom. Chapter 1 in Edward Lazear and Rita Ricardo-Campbell, editors, Issues in Contemporary Retirement. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1988: 3-37.

13. "Slave Breeding." Entry in Randall M. Miller and John David Smith, editors, Dictionary of Afro-American Slavery, New York: Greenwood Press, 1988: 82-86.

14. "Slavery as an Obstacle to Economic Growth in the United States: A Panel Discussion," with Alfred H. Conrad and others. Chapter 2 in Paul Finkelman, editor, Articles on American Slavery, Eighteen Volumes, Volume 10, Economics, Industrialization, Urbanization and Slavery, New York: Garland Press, 1989: 28-70.

15. "Who Pays for Slavery?" with Roger L. Ransom. Chapter 3 in Richard F. America, editor, The Wealth of Races: The Present Value of Benefits from Past Injustices. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1990: 31-54.

16. "The Labor Market in the 1890s: Evidence from Connecticut Manufacturing," with Susan B. Carter. Chapter 2 in Erik Aerts and Barry Eichengreen, editors, Underemployment and Unemployment in Historical Perspective. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 1990: 15-24.

17. "Retirement: Past and Present," with Roger L. Ransom and Samuel H. Williamson. Chapter 1 in Alicia H. Munnell, editor. Retirement and Public Policy: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the National Academy of Social Insurance. Dubuque: Kendall Hunt Publishing, 1991: 23-57.

18. "Inventing Pensions: The Origins of the Company-Provided Pension in the United States, 1900-1940," with Roger L. Ransom and Samuel H. Williamson. Chapter 1 in K. Warner Schaie and W. Andrew Achenbaum, editors, Societal Impact on Aging: Historical Perspectives, New York: Springer Publishing, 1993: 1-44.

19. "The Trap of Debt Peonage," with Roger Ransom. Chapter 8 in Robert Whaples and Dianne C. Betts, editors, Historical Perspectives on the American Economy, reprints Chapter 8 of One Kind of Freedom. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995: 260-290.

20. "The Impact of Aging on the Employment of Men in American Working-Class Communities at the End of the Nineteenth Century," with Roger L. Ransom. Chapter 11 in David I. Kertzer and Peter Laslett, editors, Aging in the Past: Demography, Society, and Old Age. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995: 303-327.

21. "Agricultura, Ahorro y Crecimiento: Conjecturas Sobre Las Experiencias Mediterranea y Californiana [Agriculture, Savings, and Growth: Conjectures on the California and Mediterranean Experiences]," with Susan B. Carter and Roger L. Ransom. José Morilla Critz, editor, California y el Mediterráneo: Estudios de la historia de dos agriculturas competidoras [California and the Mediterranean: History of Two Competing Agricultures], Madrid: Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Centro de Publicaciones, 1995: 19-51.

22. "Macroeconomics: An Introduction for Historians." Chapter 6 in Economics and the Historian: 159-176.

23. "The Labor Market A Hundred Years Ago: New, Micro-Level Evidence on Long-Term Change From the Depression of 1893-94," with Susan B. Carter. In Trevor O. Dick, editor, Business Cycles Since 1820: New Perspectives from Historical Data. Chelten, UK: Edward Elgar, forthcoming, 1997.

24. "Conflicting Visions: The Economic Origins of Sectional Conflict in the United States," with Roger L. Ransom. In Leonid Borodkin, editor, The Economic History of Russia and America in Transition, [in Russian]. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, forthcoming 1997.

Journal Articles

1. "The Profitability of Ante Bellum Slavery -- Revisited." Southern Economic Journal 31 (April 1965): 365-377. Reprinted in Hugh G. J. Aitken, editor, Did Slavery Pay? Readings in the Economics of Black Slavery in the United States, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971: 221-241. Reprinted in Paul Finkelman, editor, Articles on American Slavery, Eighteen Volumes, Volume 10, Economics, Industrialization, Urbanization and Slavery, New York: Garland Press, 1989: 527-545.

2. "Innovations in Interest Rate Policy," with Franco Modigliani. American Economic Review 56 (May 1966): 178-197. Reprinted in M. J. C. Surrey, editor, Macroeconomic Themes, New York: Oxford University Press, 1976: 174-183. Reprinted in Andrew Abel, editor, The Collected Papers of Franco Modigliani, Volume I, "Essays in Macroeconomics," Cambridge: MIT Press, 1980: 267-286. Reprinted in Italian as "Innovazioni nella politica dei tassi d'intercesse," Moneta E Credito 73 (March 1966): 3-27.

3. "Debt Management and the Term Structure of Interest Rates: An Empirical Analysis of Recent Experience," with Franco Modigliani. Journal of Political Economy 75 (August 1967, Part II): 569-589. Reprinted in Andrew Abel, editor, The Collected Papers of Franco Modigliani, Volume I, "Essays in Macroeconomics," Cambridge: MIT Press, 1980: 287-308.

4. "The Term Structure of Interest Rates: A Re-Examination of the Evidence," with Franco Modigliani. Journal of Money Credit and Banking 1 (February 1969): 112-120.

5. "Debt Peonage in the Cotton South After the Civil War," with Roger L. Ransom. Journal of Economic History 32 (September 1972): 641-669.

6. "The Ex-Slave in the Postbellum South: A Study of the Economic Impact of Racism in a Market Environment," with Roger L. Ransom. Journal of Economic History 33 (March 1973): 131-147. Reprinted in Donald G. Nieman, editor, From Slavery to Sharecropping: White Land and Black Labor in the Rural South, 1865-1900, New York: Garland Publishing, 1994: 323-340.

7. "The Impact of the Civil War and of Emancipation on Southern Agriculture," with Roger L. Ransom. Explorations in Economic History 12 (January 1975): 1-28. Reprinted in Peter Temin, editor, Industrialization in North America, Cambridge: Basil Blackwell for The Economic History Society, 1994: 231-258.

8. "The `Lock-in' Mechanism and Overproduction of Cotton in the Post-Bellum South," with Roger L. Ransom. Agricultural History 49 (April 1975): 405-425.

9. "The Treatment Received by American Slaves: A Critical Review of the Evidence Presented in Time on the Cross." Explorations in Economic History 12 (October 1975): 335-435. Reprinted in Gary M. Walton, editor, A Symposium on Time on the Cross, New York: Academic Press, 1975.

10. "Member Bank Borrowing from the Federal Reserve System and the Impact of Discount Policy," with Thom B. Thurston. Quarterly Review of Economics and Business 16 (Autumn 1976): 7-23.

11. "An Evaluation of Alternative Empirical Models of the Term Structure of Interest Rates," with Steven W. Dobson and David E. Vanderford. Journal of Finance 31 (September 1976): 1035-1065.

12. "Credit Merchandising in the Post-Emancipation South: Structure, Conduct, and Performance," with Roger L. Ransom. Explorations in Economic History 16 (January 1979): 64-89. Reprinted in James F. Shepherd and Gary M. Walton, editors. Market Institutions and Economic Progress in the New South, 1865-1900: Essays Stimulated by One Kind of Freedom, New York: Academic Press, 1981: 57-81.

13. "Growth and Welfare in the American South of the Nineteenth Century," with Roger L. Ransom. Explorations in Economic History 16 (April 1979): 207-236. Reprinted in James F. Shepherd and Gary M. Walton, editors. Market Institutions and Economic Progress in the New South, 1865-1900: Essays Stimulated by One Kind of Freedom, New York: Academic Press, 1981: 127-153.

14. "On Energy Policy Models," with David Freedman and Thomas Rothenberg. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 1 (January 1983): 24-32. With an accompanying "Rejoinder" to Comments by William W. Hogan and Wray Smith, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 1 (January 1983): 36.

15. "The Labor of Older Americans: Retirement of Men On and Off the Job, 1870-1937," with Roger L. Ransom. Journal of Economic History 46 (March 1986): 1-30.

16. "Tontine Insurance and the Armstrong Investigation: A Case of Stifled Innovation, 1868-1905," with Roger L. Ransom. Journal of Economic History 47 (June 1987): 379-390. To be reprinted in Robert F. Himmelberg, editor, Business and Government in America Since 1870, New York: Garland Publishing, forthcoming.

17. "Capitalists Without Capital: The Burden of Slavery and the Impact of Emancipation," with Roger L. Ransom. Agricultural History 62 (Summer 1988). Russian Translation reprinted in Ivan Kovalchenko and Valery A. Tishkov, editors, Agrarian Evolution in Russia and the United States in the XIX-early XX Century, Moscow: Nauka, 1991: 173-200. Reprinted in Morton Rothstein and Daniel Field, editors, Quantitative Studies in Agrarian History, Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1993: 130-157.

18. "The Trend in the Rate of Labor Force Participation of Older Men, 1870-1930," with Roger L. Ransom. Journal of Economic History 49 (March 1989): 170-183.

19. "The Historical Labor Statistics Project at the University of California," with Susan B. Carter and Roger L. Ransom. Historical Methods 24 (May 1991): 52-65.

20. "All Things Reconsidered: The Life-Cycle Perspective and the Third Task of Economic History." Journal of Economic History 51 (June 1991): 1-18.

21. "The Great Depression of the 1890s: New Suggestive Estimates of the Unemployment Rate, 1890-1905," with Susan B. Carter. Research in Economic History, 1992: 347-376.

22. "Myth of the Industrial Scrap Heap: A Revisionist View of Turn-of-the-Century American Retirement," with Susan B. Carter. Journal of Economic History 56 (March 1996): 5-38.

23. "Fixing the Facts: Editing of the 1880 U.S. Census of Occupations with Implications for Long-Term Labor-Force Trends and the Sociology of Official Statistics," with Susan B. Carter. Historical Methods 29 (Winter 1996): 5-24.

24. "Has Social Spending Grown Out of Control?" Challenge: The Magazine of Economic Affairs 39 (May-Jone 1996): 9-16.

Selected Working Papers and Unpublished Manuscripts

1. "A Flexible Infinite Distributed Lag," with Robert E. Hall. Working Papers in Economic Theory and Econometrics 124 (February 1968). Center for Research in Management Science, Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California Berkeley. Presented to The Econometric Society at the meetings of the Allied Social Science Associations, Washington, D.C., December 1967. Abstract published in Econometrica 36 (1968 Supplementary Issue): 91-92.

2. "Expectations, Risk, and the Term Structure of Interest Rates," Ph.D. Dissertation (Economics), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, August 1968. Abstract published in the Journal of Finance 25 (June 1970): 703.

3. "The Nutritional Adequacy of the Slave Diet: A Response." Department of Economics, University of California. Read at the MSSB-Rochester Conference on Time on the Cross, University of Rochester, October 1974.

4. "Economic Reorganization of the Post-Emancipation South," with Roger L. Ransom. Presented at the conference "The First and Second Reconstructions: The Historical Setting and Contemporary Black-White Relations, 1860-1978," University of Missouri, St. Louis, February 1978.

5. "Domestic Saving as an Active Constraint on Capital Formation in the American Economy, 1839-1928: A Provisional Theory," with Roger L. Ransom. Working Papers on the History of Saving 1 (December 1984). Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California, Berkeley. Invited Lecture, Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, December 1983. Revised version, Foundation de la Maison des Sciences de L'Homme, Paris (June 1988).

6. "Did Rising Out-Migration Cause Fertility to Decline in Antebellum New England? A Life-Cycle Perspective on Old-Age Security Motives, Child Default, and Farm-Family Fertility," with Roger L. Ransom. Working Papers on the History of Saving 5 (April 1986). Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California, Berkeley. Also issued as Social Science Working Paper 610 (April 1986), Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.

7. "Unequal Thrift: An Inquiry into the Saving Behavior of Americans at the Turn of the Century," with Roger L. Ransom. University of California Project on the History of Saving, Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California, Berkeley (December 1986). Presented to the American Economic Association, Ninety-Ninth Annual Meeting, New Orleans, December 1986.

8. "Two Strategies for a More Secure Old Age: Life Cycle Saving by Late Nineteenth-Century American Workers," with Roger Ransom. Working Papers on the History of Saving 6 (June 1989). Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California, Berkeley. Presented to the Workshop on the Development of the American Economy, NBER Summer Institute, July 1989.

9. "Public Land, Private Frontier: The Economic and Social Consequences of the Northwest Ordinance," with Roger L. Ransom. Paper presented at the Conference Commemorating the Bicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance, University of Illinois, Urbana, March 1987. A revised version was presented at the Economics Seminar, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, May 1989.

10. "`Doing the Wright Thing:' Carroll Wright and the State Labor Statistics Movement," with Susan B. Carter and Roger L. Ransom. Historical Labor Statistics Project Working Paper 3 (May 1991). Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California, Berkeley, May 1991. Presented at the Kansas Conference on State Labor Bureau Statistics, Lawrence, June 1991.

11. "Report of the Ad Hoc National Science Foundation Task Force on the Economic History of Global Change," (May 1991). Economics Program, National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.

12. "Firm Turnover and Employment Dynamics in the 1890s: Evidence from Milwaukee Manufacturing," with Susan B. Carter. Historical Labor Statistics Project Working Paper 4 (February 1992). Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California, Berkeley. An earlier draft was presented at the Cliometrics Society/American Economic Association Joint Session at the Allied Social Science Meetings, Washington, D.C., December 1990.

13. "Self-Employment in the Age of Big Business: Fainthearted Entrepreneurs, Hidden Retirement, and the Long-Term Decline in Self-Employment," with Susan B. Carter and Roger L. Ransom. Working Papers on the History of Retirement 4 (October 1992). Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California, Berkeley. Presented to the Social Science History Association Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, November 1992.

14. "Counting Pensions: A Statistical Appendix to `The Origins of the Company-Provided Pension in the United States, 1900-1940'," with Roger L. Ransom and Samuel H. Williamson. Working Papers on the History of Retirement 2 (June 1993). Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California, Berkeley.

15. "Conflicting Visions: The Economic Origins of Sectional Conflict in the United States," with Roger L. Ransom. Presented at the MacArthur Foundation Conference on "The Economic History of Russia and America in Transition," Center for Economic History and Theory, Moscow State University, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, June 1995.

16. "Protecting Veterans and Republicans: Civil War Pensions and the Failure of the Social Insurance Movement in the Progressive Era," with Roger L. Ransom and Samuel H. Williamson. Conference on the Aging of Union Army Veterans, University of Chicago, October 25-27, 1996.

17. "The Economic and Demographic Consequences of Immigration to the United States: Quantitative Historical Perspectives," with Susan B. Carter. National Academy of Sciences, Panel on Demographic and Economic Impacts of Immigration into the United States, United States Commission on Immigration Reform, Washington, DC, September 27, 1996. Also presented to the Social Science History Association Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, October 1996. Accepted for Publication by the Social Science Research Council. Under review for publication by the National Academy of Sciences Press.

18. "Statistics on International Migrations for the Millennial Edition, Historical Statistics of the United States," with Robert Barde and Susan Carter. National Science Foundation Conference, Histporical Statistics on Labor, Human Capital, and Labor Markets: A First Look, Stanford University, June 1997.

Codebooks

1. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 1,165 Workers in Kansas, 1884-1887; Reported in the First, Second, and Third Annual Reports of the Kansas Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook KS1-3 (January 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

2. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 3,493 Wage-Earners in California, 1892; Reported in the Fifth Biennial Report of the California Bureau of Labor Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook CA05 (February 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

3. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 693 Farmers in Connecticut, 1888; Reported in the Fourth Annual Report of the Connecticut Bureau of Labor Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook CT04 (April 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

4. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 500 Women Wage-Earners in Indianapolis, 1893; Reported in the Fifth Biennial Report of the Indiana Department of Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook IN05 (April 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

5. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 347 Teachers in Iowa, 1884; Reported in the First Biennial Report of the Iowa Bureau of Labor Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook IO01 (April 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

6. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 1,749 Female Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1894 With Responses Presented as Occupation/City Averages; Reported in the Tenth Annual Report of the Kansas Bureau of Labor and Industry, 1894, with Susan B. Carter, Thomas Kelly, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook KS10A (May 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

7. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 1,115 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1894 with Responses Presented as Occupation/City Averages; Reported in the Tenth Annual Report of the Kansas Bureau of Labor and Industry, with Susan B. Carter, Thomas Kelly, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook KS10B (May 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

8. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 514 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1895; Reported in the Eleventh Annual Report of the Kansas Bureau of Labor and Industry, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook KS11 (May 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

9. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 539 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896; Reported in the Eleventh Annual Report of the Kansas Bureau of Labor and Industry, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook KS12 (May 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

10. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897; Reported in the Thirteenth Annual Report of the Kansas Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook KS13 (May 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

11. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 361 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1898; Reported in the Fourteenth Annual Report of the Kansas Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook KS14 (May 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

12. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 1,058 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1899; Reported in the Fifteenth Annual Report of the Kansas Bureau of Labor and Industry, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook KS15 (May 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

13. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 1,084 Workers in Maine, 1890; Reported in the Fifth Annual Report of the Maine Bureau of Industrial and Labor Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook ME05 (May 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

14. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 719 Stone Workers in Michigan, 1888; Reported in the Sixth Annual Report of the Michigan Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook MI06 (May 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

15. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 5,419 Workers in the Furniture Industry of Michigan, 1889; Reported in the Seventh Annual Report of the Michigan Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook MI07 (June 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

16. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 3,920 Male Workers in the Agricultural Implement and Iron Industries in Detroit, 1890; Reported in the Eighth Annual Report of the Michigan Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook MI08A (June 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

17. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 4,918 Male Workers in the Agricultural Implement and Iron Industries in Michigan Outside of Detroit, 1890; Reported in the Eighth Annual Report of the Michigan Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook MI08B (June 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

18. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 934 Farm Proprietors in Michigan, 1894; Reported in the Twelfth Annual Report of the Michigan Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook MI12A (June 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

19. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 5,600 Farm Laborers in Michigan, 1894; Reported in the Twelfth Annual Report of the Michigan Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook MI12B (June 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

20. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 6,051 Male Railway Employees in Michigan, 1893; Reported in the Eleventh Annual Report of the Michigan Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, Samuel H. Williamson, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook MI11 (June 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

21. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 1,950 Employees of Hack and Bus Lines in Michigan, 1895; Reported in the Thirteenth Annual Report of the Michigan Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Thomas Kelly, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook MI13A (July 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

22. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 1,250 Owners of Hacks, Drays, Buses, Etc. Who drive their Own Teams in Michigan, 1895; Reported in the Thirteenth Annual Report of the Michigan Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Thomas Kelly, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook MI13B (July 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

23. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 2,300 Female Domestics in Michigan Agriculture in Michigan, 1894; Reported in the Twelfth Annual Report of the Michigan Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook MI12C (July 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

24. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 1,200 Employees of Street Railways in Michigan, 1895; Reported in the Thirteenth Annual Report of the Michigan Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook MI13C (July 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

25. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 259 Wage-Workers in Missouri, 1891; Reported in the Fourteenth Annual Report of the Missouri Bureau of Labor Statistics and Inspection, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook MO14 (July 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

26. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 711 Male Wage-Earners in New Hampshire, 1894; Reported in the Second Annual Report of the Bureau of Labor of the State of New Hampshire, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook NH02 (July 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

27. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903; Reported in the Twenty-Sixth Annual Report of the New Jersey Bureau of Statistics of Labor and Industries, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook NJ26 (July 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

28. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 230 Male Wage-Earners in Ohio in 1879, Reported in the Third Annual Report of the Ohio Bureau of Labor Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook OH03 (July 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

29. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 1,832 Construction Workers in Pennsylvania, 1894; Reported in the Twenty-Second Annual Report of the Pennsylvania Bureau of Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook PA22 (July 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

30. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 2,299 Textile Employees in Rhode Island, 1894; Reported in the Eighth Annual Report of the Commissioner of Industrial Statistics in Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook RI08 (July 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

31. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 10,615 Wage-Earners in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, 1895; Reported in the Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Industrial Statistics of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook RI09 (July 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

32. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 549 Farmers in Wisconsin, 1895; Reported in the Seventh Biennial Report of the Wisconsin Bureau of Labor, Census and Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook WI07A (July 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

33. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 1,490 Mechanics' and Workingmen's Returns in Wisconsin, 1895; Reported in the Seventh Biennial Report of the Wisconsin Bureau of Labor, Census, and Industrial Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook WI07B (July 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

34. Codebook and User's Manual: Two Investigations of the Industrial Depression in Connecticut, 1894 and 1895; Reported in the Tenth and Eleventh Annual Reports of the Connecticut Bureau of Labor Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook CT10-11 (July 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

35. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 6,924 Working Women in Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati, Ohio, 1901; Reported in the Twenty-Fifth Annual Report of the Ohio Bureau of Labor Statistics, with Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, Samuel H. Williamson, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook OH25 (July 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.

36. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 7,825 Working Women in Akron and 15 Other Ohio Cities, 1901; Reported in the Twenty-Sixth Annual Report of the Ohio Bureau of Labor Statistics, with Susan B. Carter Roger L. Ransom, Samuel H. Williamson, and Hongcheng Zhao. Historical Labor Statistics Project Codebook OH26 (July 1993). Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research.