@techreport{NBERw8995,
 title = "When Does Trade Hurt? Market, Transition and Developing Economies",
 author = "Kala Krishna and Cemile Yavas",
 institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research",
 type = "Working Paper",
 series = "Working Paper Series",
 number = "8995",
 year = "2002",
 month = "June",
 URL = "http://www.nber.org/papers/w8995",
 abstract = {This paper argues that labor market distortions in transition and developing economies help explain differential impacts of trade liberalization. We assume that workers differ in ability. In a market economy their earnings depend on their ability. However, earnings are independent of ability due to a common wage set in manufacturing in a transition economy and because of family farms in a developing economy. Our work suggests that trade liberalization without structural reform can have serious adverse effects in transition and developing economies: there can even be mutual losses from trade.},
}