@techreport{NBERw17705,
 title = "The Competitiveness Impacts of Climate Change Mitigation Policies",
 author = "Joseph E. Aldy and William A. Pizer",
 institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research",
 type = "Working Paper",
 series = "Working Paper Series",
 number = "17705",
 year = "2011",
 month = "December",
 URL = "http://www.nber.org/papers/w17705",
 abstract = {In order to clarify ongoing debates over the competitiveness impacts of climate change regulation, we develop a precise definition that can be estimated with available domestic production, trade, and energy price data.  We use this definition and a 20+ year panel of 400+ U.S. manufacturing industries to estimate and predict the effects a U.S.-only $15 per ton CO2 price.  We find competitiveness effects on the order of a 1.0 to 1.3 percent decline in production among energy-intensive manufacturing industries, representing about one-third of the policy’s impacts on these firms’ output.},
}