TY - JOUR AU - Bound,John AU - Turner,Sarah AU - Walsh,Patrick TI - Internationalization of U.S. Doctorate Education JF - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series VL - No. 14792 PY - 2009 Y2 - March 2009 UR - http://www.nber.org/papers/w14792 L1 - http://www.nber.org/papers/w14792.pdf N1 - Author contact info: John Bound Department of Economics University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1220 Tel: 734/998-7149 Fax: 734/998-7415 E-Mail: jbound@umich.edu Sarah Turner Department of Economics University of Virginia 249 Ruffner Hall Charlottesville, VA 22903-2495 Tel: 434/924-7857 Fax: 434/924-1384 E-Mail: sturner@virginia.edu Patrick Walsh Department of Economics St. Michael's College One Winooski Park Colchester, VT 05439 Tel: 802-654-2682 E-Mail: pwalsh@smcvt.edu M1 - published as John Bound, Sarah Turner, Patrick Walsh. "Internationalization of U.S. Doctorate Education," in Richard B. Freeman and Daniel L. Goroff, editors, "Science and Engineering Careers in the United States: An Analysis of Markets and Employment" University of Chicago Press (2009) AB - The representation of a large number of students born outside the United States among the ranks of doctorate recipients from U.S. universities is one of the most significant transformations in U.S. graduate education and the international market for highly-trained workers in science and engineering in the last quarter century. Students from outside the U.S. accounted for 51% of PhD recipients in science and engineering fields in 2003, up from 27% in 1973. In the physical sciences, engineering and economics the representation of foreign students among PhD recipients is yet more striking; among doctorate recipients in 2003, those from outside the U.S. accounted for 50% of degrees in the physical sciences, 67% in engineering and 68% in economics. Our analysis highlights the important role of changes in demand among foreign born in explaining the growth and distribution of doctorates awarded in science and engineering. Expansion in undergraduate degree receipt in many countries has a direct effect on the demand for advanced training in the U.S. Changes in the supply side of the U.S. graduate education market may also differentially affect the representation of foreign students in U.S. universities. Supply shocks such as increases in federal support for the sciences will have relatively large effects on the representation in the U.S. of doctorate students from countries where demand is relatively elastic. Understanding the determinants -- and consequences -- of changes over time in the representation of foreign born students among doctorate recipients from U.S. universities informs the design of policies affecting the science and engineering workforce. ER -