TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zucker,Lynne G.
AU  - Darby,Michael R.
TI  - Movement of Star Scientists and Engineers and High-Tech Firm Entry
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 12172
PY  - 2006
Y2  - April 2006
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w12172
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w12172.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
Lynne G. Zucker
Departments of Sociology & Public Policy
UCLA
Box 951551
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1551
Tel: 310/825-9155
Fax: 310/454-2748
E-Mail: zucker@ucla.edu

Michael R. Darby
John E. Anderson Graduate School of Management
University of California, Los Angeles
110 Westwood Plaza, Box 951481
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1481
Tel: 310/825-4180
Fax: 310/454-2748
E-Mail: michael.r.darby@anderson.ucla.edu
AB  - This paper extends the concept of star scientist to all areas of science and technology.  We follow careers 1981-2004 for 5,401 stars as identified in ISIHighlyCited.comSM, using their publication history to locate them each year.  The number of stars in a U.S. region or in one of the top-25 science and technology countries generally has a consistently significant and quantitatively large positive effect on the probability of firm entry in the same area of science and technology.  Other measures of academic knowledge stocks have weaker and less consistent effects.  Thus the stars themselves rather than their potentially disembodied discoveries play a key role in the formation or transformation of high-tech industries.  We identify separate economic geography effects in poisson regressions for the 179 BEA-defined U.S. regions, but not for the 25 countries analysis.  Stars become more concentrated over time, moving from areas with relatively few peers to those with many in their discipline.  A counter-flow operating on the U.S. versus the other 24 countries is the tendency of foreign-born American stars to return to their homeland when it develops sufficient strength in their area of science and technology.  In contrast high impact articles and university articles and patents all tend to diffuse, becoming more equally distributed over time.
ER  -