TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwartz,Eduardo S.
TI  - Patents and R&D as Real Options
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 10114
PY  - 2003
Y2  - November 2003
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w10114
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w10114.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
Eduardo S. Schwartz
Anderson Graduate School of Management
UCLA
110 Westwood Plaza
Los Angeles, CA  90095
Tel: 310/825-2873
Fax: 310/825-6384
E-Mail: eduardo.schwartz@anderson.ucla.edu
AB  - This article develops and implements a simulation approach to value patents and patent-protected R&D projects based on the Real Options approach. It takes into account uncertainty in the cost-to-completion of the project, uncertainty in the cash flows to be generated from the project, and the possibility of catastrophic events that could put an end to the effort before it is completed. It also allows for the possibility of abandoning the project when costs turn out to be larger than expected or when estimated cash flows turn out to be smaller than anticipated. This abandonment option represents a very substantial part of the project's value when the project is marginal or/and when uncertainty is large. The model presented can be used to evaluate the effects of regulation on the cost of innovation and the amount on innovative output. The main focus of the article is the pharmaceutical industry. The framework, however, applies just as well to other research-intensive industries such as software or hardware development.
ER  -