TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diebold,Francis X.
AU  - Lopez,Jose A.
TI  - Forecast Evaluation and Combination
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Technical Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 192
PY  - 1996
Y2  - March 1996
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/t0192
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/t0192.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
Francis X. Diebold
Department of Economics
University of Pennsylvania
3718 Locust Walk
Philadelphia, PA  19104-6297
Tel: 215/898-1507
Fax: 212/573-4217
E-Mail: fdiebold@sas.upenn.edu
AB  - It is obvious that forecasts are of great importance and widely used in economics and finance.  Quite simply, good forecasts lead to good decisions.  The importance of forecast evaluation and combination techniques follows immediately -- forecast users naturally have a keen interest in monitoring and improving forecast performance.  More generally, forecast evaluation figures prominently in many questions in empirical economics and finance.  We provide selective account of forecast evaluation and combination methods.  First we discuss evaluation of a single forecast, and in particular, evaluation of whether and how it may be improved.  Second, we discuss the evaluation and comparison of the accuracy of competing forecasts.  Third, we discuss whether and how a set of forecasts may be combined to produce a superior composite forecast.  Fourth, we describe a number of forecast evaluation topics of particular relevance in economics and finance, including methods for evaluating direction-of-change forecasts, probability forecasts and volatility forecasts.
ER  -